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Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria during soil formation.

ABSTRACT: Polymeric substances produced by microbes play a key role for the development of soil aggregates. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial families contributing to the formation of exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, major constituents of polymeric substances, at a managed land reclamation site of a post-mining area. We collected soil samples from the initial and the agricultural management phase and expected a peak in the abundance of bacteria capable for exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide production at the points of the biggest disturbances. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing in combination with measurements of exopolysaccharide concentrations. Our results underline the importance of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria after nutrient input combined with structural disturbance events, caused here by the initial planting of alfalfa and the introduction of a tillage regime together with organic fertilization in the agricultural management phase. Moreover, the changes in management caused a shift in the exopolysaccharide/lipopolysaccharide-producing community. The initial phase was dominated by typical colonizers of oligotrophic environments, specifically nitrogen fixers (Rhizobiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), while bacteria common in agricultural soils, such as Sphingomonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae and Nitrospiraceae, prevailed in the agricultural management phase.

SUBMITTER: Vuko M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7017822 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria during soil formation.

Vuko Miljenka M Cania Barbara B Vogel Cordula C Kublik Susanne S Schloter Michael M Schulz Stefanie S

Microbial biotechnology 20200109 2

Polymeric substances produced by microbes play a key role for the development of soil aggregates. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial families contributing to the formation of exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, major constituents of polymeric substances, at a managed land reclamation site of a post-mining area. We collected soil samples from the initial and the agricultural management phase and expected a peak in the abundance of bacteria capable for exopolysaccharide and li ...[more]

PMID: 31920012

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Within Population Health Management (PHM) initiatives, stakeholders from various sectors apply PHM strategies, via which services are reorganised and integrated in order to improve population health and quality of care while reducing cost growth. This study unravelled how stakeholders' expectations and prior experiences influenced stakeholders intended PHM strategies. METHODS:This study used realist principles. Nine Dutch PHM initiatives participated. Seventy stakeholders (mainly executive level) from seven different stakeholder groups (healthcare insurers, hospitals, primary care groups, municipalities, patient representative organisations, regional businesses and program managers of the PHM initiatives) were interviewed. Associations between expectations, prior experiences and intended strategies of the various stakeholder groups were identified through analyses of the interviews. RESULTS:Stakeholders' expectations, their underlying explanations and intended strategies could be categorized into four themes: 1. Regional collaboration; 2. Governance structures and stakeholder roles; 3. Regional learning environments, and 4. Financial and regulative conditions. Stakeholders agreed on the long-term expectations of PHM development. Differences in short- and middle-term expectations, and prior experiences were identified between stakeholder groups and within the stakeholder group healthcare insurers. These differences influenced stakeholders' intended strategies. For instance, healthcare insurers that intended to stay close to the business of care had encountered barriers in pushing PHM e.g. lack of data insight, and expected that staying in control of the purchasing process was the best way to achieve value for money. Healthcare insurers that were more keen to invest in experiments with data-technology, new forms of payment and accountability had encountered positive experiences in establishing regional responsibility and expected this to be a strong driver for establishing improvements in regional health and a vital and economic competitive region. CONCLUSION:This is the first study that revealed insight into the differences and similarities between stakeholder groups' expectations, experiences and intended strategies. These insights can be used to improve the pivotal cooperation within and between stakeholder groups for PHM.

Project description:Because of severe abiotic limitations, Antarctic soils represent simplified ecosystems, where microorganisms are the principle drivers of nutrient cycling. This relative simplicity makes these ecosystems particularly vulnerable to perturbations, like global warming, and the Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. However, the consequences of the ongoing warming of Antarctica on microorganisms and the processes they mediate are unknown. Here, using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and qPCR, we report a number of highly consistent changes in microbial community structure and abundance across very disparate sub-Antarctic and Antarctic environments following three years of experimental field warming (+ 0.5-2°C). Specifically, we found significant increases in the abundance of fungi and bacteria and in the Alphaproteobacteria-to-Acidobacteria ratio. These alterations were linked to a significant increase in soil respiration. Furthermore, the shifts toward generalist or opportunistic bacterial communities following warming weakened the linkage between bacterial diversity and functional diversity. Warming also increased the abundance of some organisms related to the N-cycle, detected as an increase in the relative abundance of nitrogenase genes via GeoChip microarray analyses. Our results demonstrate that soil microorganisms across a range of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic environments can respond consistently and rapidly to increasing temperatures, thereby potentially disrupting soil functioning. We conducted in situ warming experiments for three years using open-top chambers (OTCs) at one sub-Antarctic (Falkland Islands, 52ºS) and two Antarctic locations (Signy and Anchorage Islands, 60ºS and 67ºS respectively) (see Supplementary Fig. 1 for a map). OTCs increased annual soil temperature by an average of 0.8°C (at a depth of 5 cm), resulting in 8-43% increase in positive-degree days annually and a decrease in freeze-thaw cycle frequency by an average of 15 cycles per year (8). At each location, we included densely vegetated and bare fell-field soils in the experimental design for a total of six environments. Densely vegetated and bare environments represent two contrasting environments for Antarctic soil microorganisms, with large differences in terms of C and N inputs to soils. Massively parallel pyrosequencing (Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to follow bacterial diversity and community composition [GenBank Accession Numbers: HM641909-HM744649], and functional gene microarrays (GeoChip 2.0)(11) were used to assess changes in functional gene distribution. Bacterial and fungal communities were also quantified using real-time PCR.

Dataset Information

Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria during soil formation.

Publications

Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria during soil formation.

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