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Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids.

ABSTRACT: Porous liquids are an emerging class of materials and to date little is known about how to best design their properties. For example, bulky solvents are required that are size-excluded from the pores in the liquid, along with high concentrations of the porous component, but both of these factors may also contribute to higher viscosities, which are undesirable. Hence, the inherent multivariate nature of porous liquids makes them amenable to high-throughput optimisation strategies. Here we develop a high-throughput robotic workflow, encompassing the synthesis, characterisation and property testing of highly-soluble, vertex-disordered porous organic cages dissolved in a range of cavity-excluded solvents. As a result, we identified 29 cage-solvent combinations that combine both higher cage-cavity concentrations and more acceptable carrier solvents than the best previous examples. The most soluble materials gave three times the pore concentration of the best previously reported scrambled cage porous liquid, as demonstrated by increased gas uptake. We were also able to explore alternative methods for gas capture and release, including liberation of the gas by increasing the temperature. We also found that porous liquids can form gels at higher concentrations, trapping the gas in the pores, which could have potential applications in gas storage and transportation.

SUBMITTER: Kearsey RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7017875 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids.

Kearsey Rachel J RJ Alston Ben M BM Briggs Michael E ME Greenaway Rebecca L RL Cooper Andrew I AI

Chemical science 20190828 41

Porous liquids are an emerging class of materials and to date little is known about how to best design their properties. For example, bulky solvents are required that are size-excluded from the pores in the liquid, along with high concentrations of the porous component, but both of these factors may also contribute to higher viscosities, which are undesirable. Hence, the inherent multivariate nature of porous liquids makes them amenable to high-throughput optimisation strategies. Here we develop ...[more]

PMID: 32110304

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Project description:Type III porous liquids (PLs) consist of porous solid particles dispersed in a size-excluded liquid phase and are attracting much attention as novel media for applications such as gas separation. However, the effects of fundamental variables such as particle size on their physical properties are currently largely unknown. Here we study the effects of particle size in a series of porous liquids based on solid Al(OH)(fumarate) (a microporous metal-organic framework, MOF) with particle sizes of 60 nm, 200-600 nm, or 800-1000 dispersed in liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Properties examined include physical stability of the dispersion, viscosity, total CO2 uptake, and kinetics of CO2 uptake. As expected, both physical stability and viscosity decreased with increasing particle size. Unexpectedly, total gravimetric gas uptake also varied with particle size, being greatest for the largest particles, which we ascribe to larger particles having a lower relative content of surface-bound FMA ligands. Various models for the gas uptake kinetic data were considered, specifically adsorption reaction models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich models. In contrast to pure PDMS, which showed first-order kinetics, all PLs fit best to the Elovich model confirming that their uptake mechanism is more complex than for a simple liquid. Adsorption diffusion models, specifically Weber and Morris' intraparticle model and Boyd's model, were also applied which revealed a three-step process in which a combination of diffusion through a surface layer and intraparticle diffusion were rate-limiting. The rate of gas uptake follows the order PDMS < PL1 < PL2 < PL3, showing that the porous liquids take up gas more rapidly than does PDMS and that this rate increases with particle size. Overall, the study suggests that for high gas uptake and fast uptake kinetics, large particles may be preferred. Also, the fact that large particles resulted in low viscosity may be advantageous in reducing the pumping energy needed in flow separation systems. Therefore, the work suggests that finding ways to stabilize PLs with large particles against phase separation could be advantageous for optimizing the properties of PLs toward applications.

Dataset Information

Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids.

Publications

Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids.

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