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Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.

ABSTRACT: Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in Lactobacillus abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.

SUBMITTER: Sergeev IN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7019807 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.

Sergeev Igor N IN Aljutaily Thamer T Walton Gemma G Huarte Eduardo E

Nutrients 20200115 1

Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-in ...[more]

PMID: 31952249

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Project description:IntroductionGut microbiota manipulation may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce host energy storage. There is limited information about the effects of probiotics/synbiotics on intestinal microbiota composition in children and adolescents with obesity. The objective of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to test the effects of a multispecies synbiotic on intestinal microbiota composition in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.MethodChildren with exogenous obesity were managed with a standard diet and increased physical activity and were randomly allocated into two groups at a ratio of 1:1; the 1st group received synbiotic supplementation (probiotic mixture including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium (total 2.5 × 109 CFU/sachet) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS; 625 mg/sachet) for 12 weeks; the 2nd group received placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Fecal samples were obtained before and at the end of the 12-week intervention to characterize the changes in the gut microbiota composition. Detailed metagenomic and bioinformatics analyses were performed.ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no significant differences in alpha diversity indicators between the synbiotic and placebo groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, the observed taxonomic units and Chao 1 were lower in the synbiotic group than at baseline (p < 0.001 for both). No difference for alpha diversity indicators was observed in the placebo group between baseline and 12 weeks of intervention. At the phylum level, the intestinal microbiota composition of the study groups was similar at baseline. The major phyla in the synbiotic group were Firmicutes (66.7%) and Bacteroidetes (18.8%). In the synbiotic group, the Bacteroidetes phylum was higher after 12 weeks than at baseline (24.0% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.01). In the synbiotic group, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 3.54 at baseline and 2.75 at 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). In the placebo group, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 4.70 at baseline and 3.54 at 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also lower in the synbiotic group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). In the synbiotic group, compared with the baseline, we observed a statistically significant increase in the genera Prevotella (5.28-14.4%, p < 0.001) and Dialister (9.68-13.4%; p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, we observed a statistically significant increase in the genera Prevotella (6.4-12.4%, p < 0.01) and Oscillospira (4.95% vs. 5.70%, p < 0.001) in the placebo group. In the synbiotic group, at the end of the intervention, an increase in Prevotella, Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level) and Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, Ruminococcus spp. at the species level compared to baseline (predominance of Eubacterium dolichum, Lactobacillus ruminis, Clostridium ramosum, Bulleidia moorei) was observed. At the end of the 12th week of the study, when the synbiotic and placebo groups were compared, Bacteroides eggerthi species were dominant in the placebo group, while Collinsella stercoris species were dominant in the synbiotic group.ConclusionThis study is the first pediatric obesity study to show that a synbiotic treatment is associated with both changes intestinal microbiota composition and decreases in BMI. Trial identifier: NCT05162209 (www.Clinicaltrialsgov).

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Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.

Publications

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.

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