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Low-intensity ultrasound attenuates paw edema formation and decreases vascular permeability induced by carrageenan injection in rats.

ABSTRACT: Background:Therapeutic potential of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has become evident in various musculoskeletal diseases. We have previously shown that LIUS has an inhibitory effect on local edema in various diseases including the arthritis and brain injury. In this study, we examined whether LIUS can attenuate paw edema formation vis-à-vis vascular permeability and inflammation in rats induced by carrageenan. LIUS with a frequency of 1?MHz and the intensities of 50, 100, or 200?mW/cm2 were exposed on rat paws for 10?min immediately after carrageenan injection. Results:Carrageenan injection induced paw edema which was peaked at 6?h and gradually decreased nearly to the initial baseline value after 72?h. LIUS showed a significant reduction of paw edema formation at 2 and 6?h at all intensities tested. The highest reduction was observed at the intensity of 50?mW/cm2. Histological analyses confirmed that LIUS clearly decreased the carrageenan-induced swelling of interstitial space under the paw skin and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Moreover, Evans Blue extravasation analyses exhibited a significant decreases of vascular permeability by LIUS. Finally, immunohistochemical staining showed that expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by carrageenan injection was reduced back to the normal level after LIUS stimulation. Conclusions:These results provide a new supporting evidence for LIUS as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of edema in inflammatory diseases such as cellulitis.

SUBMITTER: Kim KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7020343 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Low-intensity ultrasound attenuates paw edema formation and decreases vascular permeability induced by carrageenan injection in rats.

Kim Kil Hwan KH Im Hyeon-Woo HW Karmacharya Mrigendra Bir MB Kim Sejong S Min Byoung-Hyun BH Park So Ra SR Choi Byung Hyune BH

Journal of inflammation (London, England) 20200213

<h4>Background</h4>Therapeutic potential of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has become evident in various musculoskeletal diseases. We have previously shown that LIUS has an inhibitory effect on local edema in various diseases including the arthritis and brain injury. In this study, we examined whether LIUS can attenuate paw edema formation vis-à-vis vascular permeability and inflammation in rats induced by carrageenan. LIUS with a frequency of 1 MHz and the intensities of 50, 100, or 200 mW/cm< ...[more]

PMID: 32082083

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Project description:ContextInflammation has been identified as a key factor contributing to the development of numerous diseases. Several anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to treat inflammation-related diseases. However, some of such drugs are associated with varying degrees of side effects. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs with reducing side effects for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Natural anti-inflammatory drugs have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. The study was to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Paridis rhizoma extract (PRE) in rat models of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and RAW264.7 cells models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Materials and methodsPRE was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model on rats in vivo. Histopathology examined the extent of inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage. The effect of PRE on the levels of specific cytokines was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay evaluated the cytotoxic effects of PRE on Raw264.7 cells. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines were quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot measured TNF-α, IL6, TLR4, p-P65, p-IKB, HO1, SOD1 and SOD2. Fluorescence measured the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).ResultsPRE treatment reduced interstitial edema and structural damage in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. PRE inhibited inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by the decreased expression of inflammatory factors, production of ROS, and increased expression of SOD1, SOD2, and HO1. Moreover, PRE inhibited the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway.ConclusionThe anti-inflammatory activity and potential mechanism of PRE were demonstrated according to the results. PRE reduced LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathway and ROS production in vitro. PRE alleviated interstitial edema and structural damage in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model on rats in vivo. This study provided an idea for future development of PR-based anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Low-intensity ultrasound attenuates paw edema formation and decreases vascular permeability induced by carrageenan injection in rats.

Publications

Low-intensity ultrasound attenuates paw edema formation and decreases vascular permeability induced by carrageenan injection in rats.

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