Dataset Information

Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass.

ABSTRACT: The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) into the traditional feeding regime of ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne L./Trifolium repens L.), and time of its allocation on milk production, rumen fermentation, and FA composition of milk and rumen digesta of dairy cows. Nine groups of four cows were allocated one of three replicated feeding regimes: (1) ryegrass/white clover only (RGWC), (2) ryegrass/white clover + morning allocation of chicory (CHAM), and (3) ryegrass/white clover + afternoon allocation of chicory (CHPM). One cow per group had a rumen cannulae fitted. Treatment did not affect total grazing time or estimated dry matter intake, but cows ruminated more when fed RGWC than chicory. Allocating chicory in the afternoon elevated milk production compared with RGWC and CHAM. Milk from cows grazing chicory contained greater concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) such as C18:3 c9, 12, 15 and C18:2 c9, 12 than those on RGWC. As with milk, rumen digesta concentration of PUFA increased when cows grazed on chicory rather than RGWC, which corresponded with lower concentrations of intermediate vaccenic and biohydrogenation end-product stearic acid for cows grazing on chicory. Mean ruminal pH was lower for cows offered chicory than those on RGWC, reflecting greater rumen concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) for cows fed chicory. Allocating chicory during the afternoon is a useful strategy that can translate to improved milk production. The lower rumen pH, lower concentration of vaccenic and stearic acids, and elevated concentration of PUFA in the rumen of cows fed chicory suggest reduced biohydrogenation and may explain the elevated concentration of PUFA in the milk of cows fed chicory compared with those fed RGWC.

SUBMITTER: Mangwe M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7023442 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass.

Mangwe Mancoba M Bryant Racheal R Gregorini Pablo P

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20200119 1

The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) into the traditional feeding regime of ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne L./Trifolium repens L.), and time of its allocation on milk production, rumen fermentation, and FA composition of milk and rumen digesta of dairy cows. Nine groups of four cows were allocated one of three replicated feeding regimes: (1) ryegrass/white clover only (RGWC), (2) ryegrass/white clov ...[more]

PMID: 31963810

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Project description:BackgroundEffects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on rumen microbiota were determined in vitro and in vivo under a high and a depressed pH. The in vitro trial determined the effects of Original XPC and NutriTek (Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) at doses of 1.67 and 2.33 g/L, respectively, on the abundances of rumen bacteria under a high pH (> 6.3) and a depressed pH (5.8-6.0) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). In the in vivo trial eight rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows were used in a cross-over design. Cows were randomly assigned to SCFP treatments (Original XPC, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) or control (No SCFP) before two 5-week experimental periods. During the second period, SCFP treatments were reversed. Cows on the SCFP treatment were supplemented with 14 g/d of SCFP and 126 g/d of ground corn. Other cows received 140 g/d ground corn. During the first 4 wk. of each period, cows received a basal diet containing 153 g/kg of starch. During week 5 of both periods, the rumen pH was depressed by a SARA challenge. This included replacing 208 g/kg of the basal diet with pellets of ground wheat and barley, resulting in a diet that contained 222 g/kg DM of starch. Microbial communities in rumen liquid digesta were examined by pyrosequencing, qPCR, and shotgun metagenomics.ResultsDuring the in vitro experiment, XPC and NutriTek increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes determined at both the high and the depressed pH, with NutriTek having the largest effect. The relative abundances of Prevotella brevis, R. flavefaciens, ciliate protozoa, and Bifidobacterium spp. were increased by XPC in vivo. Adverse impacts of the in vivo SARA challenge included reductions of the richness and diversity of the rumen microbial community, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and ciliate protozoa in the rumen as determined by pyrosequencing, and the predicted functionality of rumen microbiota as determined by shotgun metagenomics. These reductions were attenuated by XPC supplementation.ConclusionsThe negative effects of grain-based SARA challenges on the composition and predicted functionality of rumen microbiota are attenuated by supplementation with SCFP.

Project description:Soybean peptides (SPs), a feed additive derived from soybean, exhibit nutritional function and biological activity in monogastric animals, but limited studies have been conducted in dairy cows. Our experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of SPs on the nutrient degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in vitro and milk production, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and blood parameters of dairy cows. For in vitro experiment, ruminal fluids were collected from three ruminal cannulated Holstein dairy cows. A total of three levels of SPs (0, 0.38, and 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs) were added to the total mixed ration (TMR). Nutrient degradability and fermentation fluid pH were determined at 24 and 48 h using 3.0 g samples of the substrate. Gas production after 48 h was recorded by an automated trace gas recording system using 0.5 g samples of the substrate. The results showed that DM, NDF, ADF (p < 0.01), and CP (p < 0.05) degradabilities were significantly increased at 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs at 24 h, and asymptotic gas production (p = 0.05) was increased at 48 h. For in vivo experiment, 110 lactating Holstein cows (209.7 ± 65.2 DIM; 37.2 ± 6.4 kg/d milk yield) were randomly assigned to 0 (control group, CON) or 50 g/head/day SPs (SP-supplemented group). Yields of milk (p < 0.05), milk protein (p < 0.05), and milk lactose (0.05 < p < 0.10) increased on SPs supplementation; however, the milk fat percentage decreased (p < 0.05). The concentrations of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01) were also increased. Rumen bacterial diversity in SP-supplemented cows was higher (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas, and Shuttleworthia were significantly increased and that of Coprococcus was decreased (p < 0.05). Our results showed that supplementing 1.92 g/kg DM of SPs could improve the nutrient degradability in vitro and 50 g/head/day of SPs could improve milk production and antioxidant ability of dairy cows. The rumen bacterial diversity was also enhanced by SP supplementation.

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Dataset Information

Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass.

Publications

Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass.

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