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Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014.

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the relationship of drinking water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality using Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Point data of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC)- a measure of salinity-were collated from the Bangladesh Water Development Board and digitizing salinity contour map. Data for groundwater dissolved elements (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) data came from a national hydrochemistry survey in Bangladesh. Point EC and dissolved minerals data were then interpolated over entire Bangladesh and extracted to each cluster location, the primary sampling unit of Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys. We used restricted cubic splines and survey design-specific logistic regression models to determine the relationship of water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality. A U-shaped association between drinking water salinity and neonatal and infant mortality was found, suggesting higher mortality when salinity was very low and high. Compared to mildly saline (EC ?0.7 and < 2 mS/cm) water drinkers, freshwater (EC < 0.7 mS/cm) drinkers had 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.84) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.89) times higher infant mortality. Compared to mildly saline water drinkers, severe-saline (EC ?10 mS/cm) water drinkers had 1.77 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.68) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.76) times higher infant mortality. We found that mild-salinity water had a high concentration of calcium and magnesium, whereas severe-salinity water had a high concentration of sodium. Freshwater had the least concentrations of salubrious calcium and magnesium.

SUBMITTER: Naser AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7025866 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014.

Naser Abu Mohd AM Wang Qiao Q Shamsudduha Mohammad M Chellaraj Gnanaraj G Joseph George G

GeoHealth 20200217 2

We evaluated the relationship of drinking water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality using Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Point data of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC)- a measure of salinity-were collated from the Bangladesh Water Development Board and digitizing salinity contour map. Data for groundwater dissolved elements (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) data came from a national hydrochemistry survey in Bangladesh. Point EC ...[more]

PMID: 32159051

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Project description:ObjectivesBangladesh has one of the highest adolescent childbearing rates in South Asia, which prevent women from realizing their full potential in life. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh using data from the 2014 and 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS).MethodsNationally representative surveys of respondents were selected using a two-stage sampling process. The study recruited 2,023 and 1,951 ever-married women aged 15-19 from 2014 and 2017-18 BDHS surveys, respectively, from rural and urban settings from all eight geographic divisions of Bangladesh. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit to determine the factors associated with adolescent childbearing.ResultThe adolescent childbearing prevalence rate was 30.8% in 2014 BDHS and 27.6% in 2017-18 BDHS. Marriage at age 13 years or less also reduced significantly in 2017-18 compared to 2014 (12.7% vs. 17.4%, respectively). Significantly higher odds of adolescent childbearing were found in 2014 among women in the Sylhet Division (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6-6.1) and the Chittagong Division (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.8-2.7) compared to the Barisal Region; however, in 2017, there were no significant differences was found across the geographic Divisions. Compared to women in the lowest wealth quintile, women in all other quintiles had lower odds of adolescent childbearing, with the lowest odds found among women in the wealthiest quintile (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6). Women who married at age 14-17 had 60% lower odds of adolescent childbearing compared to the women who married at age 10-13.ConclusionNearly one-third of married adolescents in Bangladesh were pregnant or had at least one child in 2014, and it was reduced only marginally in 2017-18. Marriage at an early age and income inequalities among families were significant predictors of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh. This study highlighted change in the magnitude and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh taken data from two nationally representative surveys conducted 4 years apart.

Project description:Antenatal care (ANC) contacts have long been considered a critical component of the continuum of care for a pregnant mother along with the newborn baby. The latest maternal mortality survey in Bangladesh suggests that progress in reducing maternal mortality has stalled as only 37% of pregnant women have attended at least four ANC contacts. This paper aims to determine what factors are associated with ANC contacts for women in Bangladesh. We analysed the data, provided by Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014, covering a nationally representative sample of 17,863 ever married women aged 15-49 years. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to collect the data. Data derived from 4,475 mothers who gave birth in the three years preceding the survey. Descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. An overall 78.4% of women had ANC contacts, but the WHO recommended ?8 ANC contacts and ANC contacts by qualified doctors were only 8% for each. The logistic regression analysis revealed that division, maternal age, women's education, husband's education, wealth index and media exposure were associated with the ANC contacts. Likewise, place of residence, women's education, religion, and wealth index were also found to be associated with the WHO recommended ANC contacts. Furthermore, the husband's education, division, religion and husband's employment showed significant associations with ANC contacts by qualified doctors. However, Bangladeshi women in general revealed an unsatisfactory level of ANC contacts, the WHO recommended as well as ANC contacts by qualified doctors. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to follow the most recent ANC contacts recommended by the WHO and to contact the qualified doctors. Moreover, an improvement in education as well as access to information along with an increase of transports, care centres and reduction of service costs would see an improvement of ANC contacts in Bangladesh.

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Dataset Information

Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014.

Publications

Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014.

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