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Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Features of Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Plaque Burden.

ABSTRACT: Background Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on risk variants from genome-wide association studies predict coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, it is unknown whether the PRS is associated with specific CAD characteristics. Methods and Results We consecutively included 1645 patients with suspected stable CAD undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. A multilocus PRS was calculated as the weighted sum of CAD risk variants. Plaques were evaluated using an 18-segment model and characterized by stenosis severity and composition (soft [0%-19% calcified], mixed-soft [20%-49% calcified], mixed-calcified [50%-79% calcified], or calcified [?80% calcified]). Coronary artery calcium score and segment stenosis score were used to characterize plaque burden. For each standard deviation increase in the PRS, coronary artery calcium score increased by 78% (P=4.1e-26) and segment stenosis score increased by 16% (P=2.4e-29) in the fully adjusted model. The PRS was associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive plaques (odds ratio [OR]: 1.78, P=5.6e-16), calcified (OR: 1.69, P=6.5e-17), mixed-calcified (OR: 1.67, P=7.3e-9), mixed-soft (OR: 1.45, P=1.6e-6), and soft plaques (OR: 1.49, P=2.5e-6), and a higher prevalence of plaque in each coronary vessel (all P<1.0e-4). However, when analyzing data on a plaque level (3007 segments with plaque in 849 patients) the PRS was not associated with stenosis severity, plaque composition, or localization (all P>0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that polygenic risk based on large genome-wide association studies increases CAD risk through an increased burden of coronary atherosclerosis rather than promoting specific plaque features. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02264717.

SUBMITTER: Christiansen MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7033858 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Features of Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Plaque Burden.

Christiansen Morten Krogh MK Nissen Louise L Winther Simon S Møller Peter Loof PL Frost Lars L Johansen Jane Kirk JK Jensen Henrik Kjærulf HK Guðbjartsson Daníel D Holm Hilma H Stefánsson Kári K Bøtker Hans Erik HE Bøttcher Morten M Nyegaard Mette M

Journal of the American Heart Association 20200125 3

Background Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on risk variants from genome-wide association studies predict coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, it is unknown whether the PRS is associated with specific CAD characteristics. Methods and Results We consecutively included 1645 patients with suspected stable CAD undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. A multilocus PRS was calculated as the weighted sum of CAD risk variants. Plaques were evaluated using an 18-segment model and ch ...[more]

PMID: 31983321

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Project description:ImportanceThe emerging genetic basis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been defined as both partially complex and monogenic in some patients, involving variants predominantly in genes known to underlie vascular connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The effect of these genetic influences has not been defined in high-risk SCAD phenotypes, and the identification of a high-risk subgroup of individuals may help to guide clinical genetic evaluations of SCAD.ObjectiveTo identify and quantify the burden of rare genetic variation in individuals with SCAD with high-risk clinical features.Design, setting, and participantsWhole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for subsequent case-control association analyses and individual variant annotation among individuals with high-risk SCAD. Genetic variants were annotated for pathogenicity by in-silico analysis of genes previously defined by sequencing for vascular CTDs and/or SCAD, as well as genes prioritized by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and colocalization of arterial expression quantitative trait loci. Unbiased genome-wide association analysis of the WES data was performed by comparing aggregated variants in individuals with SCAD to healthy matched controls or the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Individuals in the Canadian SCAD Registry genetics study with a high-risk SCAD phenotype were selected and defined as peripartum SCAD, recurrent SCAD, or SCAD in an individual with family history of arteriopathy.Main outcomes and measuresBurden of genetic variants defined by DNA sequencing in individuals with high-risk SCAD.ResultsThis study included a total of 336 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.0 [9.5] years; 301 female participants [90%]). Variants in vascular CTD genes were identified in 17.0% of individuals (16 of 94) with high-risk SCAD and were enriched (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.2; P = 7.8 × 10-4) as compared with gnomAD, with leading significant signals in COL3A1 (OR, 13.4; 95% CI, 4.9-36.2; P = 2.8 × 10-4) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome genes (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9-21.2; P = 2.0 × 10-3). Variants in GWAS-prioritized genes, observed in 6.4% of individuals (6 of 94) with high-risk SCAD, were also enriched (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-8.2; P = 7.4 × 10-3). Variants annotated as likely pathogenic or pathogenic occurred in 4 individuals, in the COL3A1, TGFBR2, and ADAMTSL4 genes. Genome-wide aggregated variant testing identified novel associations with peripartum SCAD.Conclusions and relevanceIn this genetic study, approximately 1 in 5 individuals with a high-risk SCAD phenotype harbored a rare genetic variant in genes currently implicated for SCAD. Genetic screening in this subgroup of individuals presenting with SCAD may be considered.

Project description:AimsInsulin resistance associates with development of metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease. The link between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is complex and multifactorial. Confirming the genetic link between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease, as well as the extent of coronary artery disease, is important and may provide better risk stratification for patients at risk. We investigated whether a genetic risk score of 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with insulin resistance phenotypes was associated with diabetes and burden of coronary artery disease.Methods and resultsWe genotyped patients with a coronary angiography performed in the capital region of Denmark from 2010-2014 and constructed a genetic risk score of the 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Logistic regression using quartiles of the genetic risk score was performed to determine associations with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Associations with the extent of coronary artery disease, defined as one-, two- or three-vessel coronary artery disease, was determined by multinomial logistic regression. We identified 4,963 patients, of which 17% had diabetes and 55% had significant coronary artery disease. Of the latter, 27%, 14% and 14% had one, two or three-vessel coronary artery disease, respectively. No significant increased risk of diabetes was identified comparing the highest genetic risk score quartile with the lowest. An increased risk of coronary artery disease was found for patients with the highest genetic risk score quartile in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, OR 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.42, p = 0.02) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.06, 1.48, p<0.01), respectively. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, patients in the highest genetic risk score quartile were more likely to develop three-vessel coronary artery disease compared with patients in the lowest genetic risk score quartile, OR 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.82, p<0.01).ConclusionsAmong patients referred for coronary angiography, only a strong genetic predisposition to insulin resistance was associated with risk of coronary artery disease and with a greater disease burden.

Dataset Information

Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Features of Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Plaque Burden.

Publications

Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Features of Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Plaque Burden.

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