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Coronary Plaque Sampling Reveals Molecular Insights into Coronary Artery Disease

ABSTRACT: We developed a coronary plaque sampling approach that could be applied broadly in live patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to obtain molecular and cellular insights into human coronary atherosclerosis. Our approach combined RNA retrieval directly from balloons used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and inexpensive, low-input RNA-Seq using SMART-seq. We generated SMART-Seq libraries from coronary samples from 27 patients. Of the 27 patients, 13 were confirmed to have stable CAD (sCAD) and 14 confirmed to have been performed on lesions causing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We applied CIBERSORTx to analyze the SMART-seq data from each of the 27 samples. We found fibroblasts and fibromyoctes were enriched, while smooth muscle cells were reduced, in samples from ACS compared with sCAD patients. We identified 371 genes as significantly differential expressed (q<0.05) between sCAD and ACS patients.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE236610 | GEO | 2023/07/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Rationale: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been independently associated with non-calcified, high-risk coronary plaques in low-to intermediate risk subjects. Recently, a bidirectional communication was shown between EAT and diseased coronary arteries. In high-risk patients it is unknown whether quantitative measures of EAT can capture, and which molecular players are involved in this mutual interplay. Objective: In a high-risk population, we aimed to determine how the volume of EAT is linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify potential EAT-deregulated pathways in CAD patients specifically related to coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods and Results: In a prospective cohort of 574 degenerative severe aortic stenosis patients referred to cardiac surgery, we quantified fat depots by computed tomography (CT) and performed a comparative quantitative proteomics of thoracic fat, including EAT, mediastinal (MAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues. We did not find an independent association of EAT volume with the severity, distribution and complexity of coronary stenosis in invasive coronary angiography. Although, EAT volume was correlated with high CAC, its cardiovascular risk factors-adjusted association was not significant. Taking as reference non-CAD matched-patients and compared to MAT and SAT, EAT proteomic signature of CAD was characterized by up-regulation of pro-calcifying annexins (Annexin A2, ANXA2), fatty acid binding transporters (FABP4) and inflammatory signaling proteins, and by down-regulation of fetuin-A and redox state regulatory enzymes. In EAT, ANXA2 regulation was positively correlated with CAC. EAT gene expression studies confirmed overexpression of ANXA2 and FABP4 in CAD, but no expression of FETUA was detected. Compared with non-CAD, fetuin-A circulating levels were higher in CAD, whereas no fetuin-A pericardial fluid differences were found. Conclusions: In this high-risk cohort, EAT presented an imbalance of pro-calcifying, pro-inflammatory and lipid transporters mediators. These local EAT-mediated regulatory mechanisms were not reflected by the CT volume of EAT alone.

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Coronary Plaque Sampling Reveals Molecular Insights into Coronary Artery Disease

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