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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease of cattle caused by a Capripoxvirus. LSD has substantial economic implications, with infection resulting in permanent damage to the skin of affected animals which lowers their commercial value. In Uganda, LSD is endemic and cases of the disease are frequently reported to government authorities. This study was undertaken to molecularly characterize lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains that have been circulating in Uganda between 2017 and 2018. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of Ugandan LSDV sequences with published sequences, available in GenBank. RESULTS:A total of 7 blood samples and 16 skin nodule biopsies were screened for LSDV using PCR to confirm presence of LSDV nucleic acids. PCR positive samples were then characterised by amplifying the GPCR gene. These amplified genes were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of the 23 samples analysed, 15 were positive for LSDV by PCR (65.2%). The LSDV GPCR sequences analysed contained the unique signatures of LSDV (A11, T12, T34, S99, and P199) which further confirmed their identity. Sequence comparison with vaccine strains revealed a 12?bp deletion unique to Ugandan outbreak strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the LSDV sequences from this study clustered closely with sequences from neighboring East African countries and with LSDV strains from recent outbreaks in Europe. It was noted that the sequence diversity amongst LSDV strains from Africa was higher than diversity from Eurasia. CONCLUSION:The LSDV strains circulating in Uganda were closely related with sequences from neighboring African countries and from Eurasia. Comparison of the GPCR gene showed that outbreak strains differed from vaccine strains. This information is necessary to understand LSDV molecular epidemiology and to contribute knowledge towards the development of control strategies by the Government of Uganda.

SUBMITTER: Ochwo S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7035724 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018.

Ochwo Sylvester S VanderWaal Kimberly K Ndekezi Christian C Nkamwesiga Joseph J Munsey Anna A Witto Sarah Gift SG Nantima Noelina N Mayanja Franklin F Okurut Anna Rose Ademun ARA Atuhaire David Kalenzi DK Mwiine Frank Norbert FN

BMC veterinary research 20200221 1

<h4>Background</h4>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease of cattle caused by a Capripoxvirus. LSD has substantial economic implications, with infection resulting in permanent damage to the skin of affected animals which lowers their commercial value. In Uganda, LSD is endemic and cases of the disease are frequently reported to government authorities. This study was undertaken to molecularly characterize lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains that have been circulating in Ugand ...[more]

PMID: 32085763

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating transboundary viral disease of cattle which causes significant loss in production. Although this disease has been reported in Uganda and throughout East Africa, there is almost no information about its epidemiology, spatial or spatio-temporal distribution. We carried out a retrospective study on the epidemiology of LSD in Uganda between the years 2002 and 2016, using data on reported outbreaks collected monthly by the central government veterinary administration. Descriptive statistics were computed on frequency of outbreaks, number of cases, vaccinations and deaths. We evaluated differences in the number of reported outbreaks across different regions (agro-ecological zones), districts, months and years. Spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistics were used to identify possible epidemiological clusters of LSD outbreaks. RESULTS:A total of 1161 outbreaks and 319,355 cases of LSD were reported from 55 out of 56 districts of Uganda. There was a significant difference in incidence between years (P?=?0.007) and across different regions. However, there was no significant difference in the number of outbreaks per month (P?=?0.443). The Central region reported the highest number of outbreaks (n?=?418, 36%) followed by Eastern (n?=?372, 32%), Southwestern (n?=?140, 12%), Northern (n?=?131, 11%), Northeastern (n?=?37, 3%), Western (n?=?41, 4%) and Northwestern (n?=?22, 2%) regions. Several endemic hotspots for the circulation of LSD were identified in the Central and Eastern regions using spatial cluster analyses. Outbreaks in endemic hotspots were less seasonal and had strikingly lower mortality and case-fatality rates than the other regions, suggesting an underlying difference in the epidemiology and impact of LSD in these different zones. CONCLUSION:Lumpy Skin disease is endemic in Uganda, with outbreaks occurring annually in all regions of the country. We identified potential spatial hotspots for LSD outbreaks, underlining the need for risk-based surveillance to establish the actual disease prevalence and risk factors for disease maintenance. Space-time analysis revealed that sporadic LSD outbreaks tend to occur both within and outside of endemic areas. The findings from this study will be used as a baseline for further epidemiological studies for the development of sustainable programmes towards the control of LSD in Uganda.

Dataset Information

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018.

Publications

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017-2018.

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