Dataset Information

Socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors: a cross-sectional analysis of the PERSIAN cohort study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic-related inequality in oral hygiene behaviors in Iran is poorly understood. This study aims to measure and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors among middle-aged and elderly adults in Iran. METHODS:A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), a large national cohort study. A total of 130,016 individuals aged 35?years and above from 17 cohort centers in Iran were included in the study. The normalized concentration index (Cn) was used to measure the magnitude of inequality in oral hygiene behaviors, i.e. brushing at least twice and flossing once daily, among middle-aged and elderly Iranian adults included in the cohort centers. Decomposition analysis was performed to quantify the contribution of each determinant to the observed inequality in oral hygiene behaviors. RESULTS:Totally, 65.5% of middle-aged and elderly adults brushed their teeth twice a day or more, 7.6% flossed at least once a day and 3.48% had both habits. The estimated Cn of the two habits combined, i.e. tooth brushing and dental flossing, for all provinces taken part in the PERSIAN cohort study was 0.399 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383 to 0.417), indicating that the prevalence of the two habits combined is more concentrated among individuals with higher socioeconomic status. Inequality in oral hygiene behaviors was pro-rich in all cohort centers. The decomposition results suggested socioeconomic status as the main factor contributing to the overall inequality, followed by the level of education, and the province of residence. CONCLUSION:A low prevalence of oral hygiene behaviors among middle-aged and elderly Iranian adults was observed. There was also a pro-rich inequality in oral hygiene behaviors among middle-aged and elderly adults in all cohort centers. These results suggest an urgent need for targeted policy interventions to increase the prevalence of preventive oral hygiene behaviors among the poor and less-educated middle-aged and elderly adults in Iran.

SUBMITTER: Soofi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7048098 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors: a cross-sectional analysis of the PERSIAN cohort study.

Soofi Moslem M Pasdar Yahya Y Karami Matin Behzad B Hamzeh Behrooz B Rezaei Satar S Kazemi Karyani Ali A Moradi Nazar Mehdi M Soltani Shahin S Hajizadeh Mohammad M Salimi Yahya Y Zangeneh Alireza A Poustchi Hossein H Sharafkhah Maryam M Haghdoust Ali Akbar AA Shirzad Ahoodashti Mahboobeh M Mohammadkarimi Vahid V Aghazadeh-Attari Javad J Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz F Yazdanbod Abbas A Eftekhar Ebrahim E Rahimi Zahra Z Bahramali Ehsan E Moslem Alireza A Jamalizadeh Ahmad A Ardakani Fatemeh Ezoddini FE Zanganeh Mehdi M Ahmadi Ali A Ostadrahimi Alireza A Tohidinezhad Fariba F Rahimi Kazerooni Salar S Najafi Farid F

BMC oral health 20200228 1

<h4>Background</h4>Socioeconomic-related inequality in oral hygiene behaviors in Iran is poorly understood. This study aims to measure and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors among middle-aged and elderly adults in Iran.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), a large national cohort study. A total of 130,016 individuals aged 35 years and above from 17 cohort cen ...[more]

PMID: 32111212

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Overweight and obesity are major health concerns worldwide, with adverse health consequences during the life span. This study measured socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults. METHODS:Data were extracted from 129,257 Iranian adults (aged 35?years and older) participated in the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) in 14 provinces of Iran in 2014. Socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity was estimated using the Concentration Index (Cn). The Cn further decomposed to find factors explaining the variability within the Socioeconomic related inequality in overweight and obesity. RESULTS:Of the total number of participants, 1.98, 26.82, 40.76 and 30.43% had underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity respectively. The age-and sex standardized prevalence of obesity was higher in females than males (39.85% vs 18.79%). People with high socioeconomic status (SES) had a 39 and 15% higher chance of being overweight and obese than low SES people, respectively. The positive value of Cn suggested a higher concentration of overweight (0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.074-0.087) and obesity (0.027, 95% CI; 0.021-0.034) among groups with high SES. There was a wide variation in socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity rate across 14 provinces. The decomposition results suggested that SES factor itself explained 66.77 and 89.07% of the observed socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults respectively. Following SES, province of residence, physical activity, using hookah and smoking were the major contributors to the concentration of overweight and obesity among the rich. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, we found that overweight and obesity is concentrated among high SES people in the study population. . Accordingly, it seems that intersectional actions should be taken to control and prevent overweight and obesity among higher socioeconomic groups.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:Despite the recent awareness of the environment impact on brain ageing, the influence of the neighbourhood socioeconomic status on cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of individual and neighbourhood deprivation on cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old people. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS:21 Health Screening Centres in the entire French metropolitan territory. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 44?648 participants (age range: 45 to 69 years) from the French CONSTANCES cohort were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES:Associations between the overall cognitive score (based on a standardised battery of cognitive tests administered by neuropsychologists) and individual deprivation (Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Screening Centres; EPICES score) and geographical deprivation (French Deprivation Index; FDep index). RESULTS:Based on the EPICES score (validated cut-off ?30.17), 12% of participants were considered to be deprived. After mutual adjustment, individual and geographical deprivation were associated with higher cognitive impairment in a multilevel logistic regression analysis that was also adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Specifically, individual deprivation was associated with an odds increase of 55% (OR=1.55, 95%?CI: 1.45 to 1.66). The risk of global cognitive impairment progressively increased with the neighbourhood deprivation level, evaluated by the FDep index (reference Q1; Q2: OR=1.09, 95%?CI: 0.98 to 1.20; Q3: OR=1.15, 95%?CI: 1.04 to 1.27; Q4: OR=1.15, 95%?CI: 1.04 to 1.28; Q5: OR=1.25, 95%?CI: 1.13 to 1.39). CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation level is associated with cognitive impairment, independently of the individual deprivation level. A better understanding of this association could help to define new prevention strategies to target high-risk residents and high-risk geographical areas in order to reduce social health inequalities.

Project description:BackgroundLow back pain is an important public health issue across the world. However, it is unclear whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with low back pain. This study determines an association between SES and low back pain among older people.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data derived from the year 2013 across 30 Japanese municipalities. The survey was conducted between October 2013 to December 2013. Functionally independent community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above (n = 26,037) were eligible for the study. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis with a robust variance estimator was used to examine the association between SES and low back pain. Self-reported low back pain in the past year was used as a dependent variable. Educational attainment, past occupation, equivalized household income, wealth, and subjective economic situation represented SES and were separately analyzed as independent variables, adjusted for covariates including age and sex.ResultsThe prevalence of low back pain was 63.4%. Overall, lower SES were more likely to suffer from low back pain compared with that for the highest. First, as for the educational attainment, the prevalence ratio (PR) (95% credible interval (CI)) for the lowest level was 1.07 (1.02-1.12). Second, as for the past occupation, the PR (95% CI) for the blue-collared workers compared with professionals was 1.06 (1.01-1.11). Third, as for the equalized household income, the PRs (95% CI) for lower middle and the lowest income levels were 1.08 (1.02-1.13) and 1.16 (1.10-1.23), respectively. Fourth, as for the wealth, the PRs (95% CI) for lower middle and the lowest wealth levels were 1.11 (1.04-1.19) and 1.18 (1.11-1.27), respectively. Fifth, as for the subjective economic situation, the PRs (95% CI) for lower middle and the lowest financial conditions were 1.18 (1.10-1.26) and 1.32 (1.22-1.44), respectively.ConclusionsSignificant socioeconomic inequalities were observed in low back pain among older individuals in Japan. Policymakers and clinicians must understand the nature of these inequalities.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:Despite some progress, Brazil is still one of the most unequal countries, and the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health is unclear. We assessed trends in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent's health-related behaviours in Brazil between 2009 and 2015. DESIGN:We used cross-sectional data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health carried out in 2009, 2012 and 2015. SETTING:Brazilian state capitals. PARTICIPANTS:Students attending ninth grade from public and private schools in Brazilian state capitals in 2009 (60 973 students), 2012 (61 145 students) and 2015 (51 192 students). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:We assessed 12 health-related behaviours (irregular fruit, vegetables and bean consumption; regular soft drink consumption; irregular physical activity; alcohol, drug and tobacco use; unsafe sex; involvement in gun fights; bullying victimisation and domestic violence victimisation), under the broad domains of lifestyle risk behaviours, engagement in risky activities and exposure to violence. Socioeconomic status was assessed through an asset-based wealth index derived from principal component analysis. Absolute and relative inequalities in these health behaviours and inequalities trends were investigated. RESULTS:From 2009 to 2015, prevalence of certain harmful health-related behaviours increased, such as unsafe sex (21.5% to 33.9%), domestic violence (9.5% to 16.2%), bullying victimisation (14.2% to 21.7%) and irregular consumption of beans (37.5% to 43.7%). Other indicators decreased: alcohol use (27.1% to 23.2%), irregular physical activity (83.0% to 75.6%) and consumption of soft drinks (37.2% to 28.8%). Over the period, we found consistent evidence of decreasing health inequalities for lifestyle behaviours (fruit, bean and soft drink consumption) and alcohol use, set against increasing inequalities in violence (domestic violence, fights using guns and bullying victimisation). CONCLUSION:Socioeconomic inequality increased in the violence domain and decreased for lifestyle behaviours among Brazilian adolescents. Widening gaps in violence domain urge immediately policy measures in Brazil.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Oral diseases, such as dental caries, tooth wear, dental erosion and periodontal diseases are major health problems in many societies. The study aim was to explore the association between oral health related behaviors and the presence of oral diseases in adolescents living in Maasai population areas in the northern part of Tanzania. METHODS:A cross sectional study was conducted in 2016 using one stage cluster sample design. A total of 989 adolescents were invited and 906 (91.6%; (Maasais n?=?721, non Maasais n?=?185) accepted the invitation and completed an interview and clinical oral examination in a school setting (mean age 13.4?years, SD 1.2, range 12-17?years). Chi-square test, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to analyze data. RESULTS:Logistic regression revealed that: adolescents with low frequency of tooth cleaning (OR?=?10.0, CI 4.3-20.0) was associated with poor oral hygiene and that more regular tooth cleaning (OR?=?0.1, CI 0.04-0.14) and the use of plastic type of tooth brush (OR?=?0.7, CI 0.53-0.99) were associated with less gingival bleeding. High consumption of biscuits (OR?=?2.5, CI 1.7-3.8) was associated with presence of dental caries and the use of magadi (OR?=?24.2, CI 11.6-50.6) as a food additive was the covariate for more severe dental fluorosis (TF grade 5-9). Regular intake of carbonated soft drinks (OR?=?1.6, CI 1.1-2.5) and regular tooth cleaning (OR?=?1.7, CI 1.1-2.6) were independently associated with dental erosion. Using teeth as a tool for: biting nails (OR?=?1.9, CI 1.4-2.4), opening soda (OR?=?1.8, CI 1.4-2.4) and holding needles (OR?=?1.6, CI 1.3-2.1) were covariates for tooth wear. Adolescents who reported to clench/grind their teeth (OR?=?2.3, CI 1.5-3.7) was the only covariate for TMD. In several of the investigated factors, there were significant differences between the Maasai and non Maasai ethnic groups. CONCLUSION:Oral health related behaviors have a significant impact on oral diseases/conditions among adolescents attending primary schools in Maasai population areas with obvious differences in behavior between the Maasai and non Maasai ethnic groups. There is a need for addressing oral health and to encourage behaviors that promote good oral health and dental care service utilization in this society.

Dataset Information

Socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors: a cross-sectional analysis of the PERSIAN cohort study.

Publications

Socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral hygiene behaviors: a cross-sectional analysis of the PERSIAN cohort study.

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