Alterations in Oral Microbiota in HIV Are Related to Decreased Pulmonary Function.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yang L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7049920 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveThis longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic shift in oral microbiota during the process of halitosis progression among preschool children.MethodsThe oral examinations, questionnaires and tongue coating specimens were collected at the baseline and 12-month follow-up. All children were oral healthy at the enrollment. At the 12-month follow-up, children who developed halitosis were included to the halitosis group (n = 10). While children who matched the age, gender, kindergarten and without halitosis were included to the control group (n = 10). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal the shift of the tongue coating microbiome in these children during the 12- month period with the Human Oral Microbiome Database.ResultsA remarkable shift in relative abundance of specific bacteria was observed prior to halitosis development. The principal coordinates and alpha diversity analyses revealed different shifting patterns of halitosis and the healthy participants' microbiome structures and bacterial diversity over the 12-month follow-up. Both groups showed variable microbiota community structures before the onset of halitosis. Halitosis-enriched species Prevotella melaninogenica, Actinomyces sp._HMT_180 and Saccharibacteria TM7_G-1_bacterium_HMT_352 were finally selected as biomarkers in the halitosis-onset prediction model after screening, with a prediction accuracy of 91.7%.ConclusionsThe microbiome composition and relative abundance of the tongue coatings in the halitosis and control groups remarkably differed, even prior to the onset of the clinical manifestations of halitosis. The halitosis prediction model constructed on the basis of tongue coating microbiome biomarkers indicated the microbial shifts before the halitosis onset. Therefore, this can be considered for the timely detection and intervention of halitosis in children.
| S-EPMC7952759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise worldwide. An imbalance between the microorganism composition and its host may lead to the occurrence of oral malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral microbiota plays an important role in oral cancer; however, the association between oral microbiota and oral cancer has not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of three groups of samples from Chinese patients with oral cancer, patients with precancerous lesion, and normal individuals. In terms of microbiota richness, the oral microbiota of patients with precancerous lesions was richer than that of oral cancer patients and healthy controls, whereas in terms of microbiota diversity, there was little difference between the three groups. The three groups of samples exhibited statistically significant differences in microbiota composition and metabolic function at the family, genus, and species levels (P < 0.05). The differentially enriched phylum in oral cancer samples was Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the main differentially enriched taxa were Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Carnobacterium, and Diastella (P < 0.05). The species level was differentially enriched in Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (p < 0.05). The prediction of microbiota function shows that oral cancer is mainly associated with coenzyme A biosynthesis, phosphopantothenic acid biosynthesis, inosine 5'-phosphate degradation, and riboflavin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in C-reactive protein level in oral cancer patients was found to be closely related to P. intermedia. Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant differences between the oral cancer group and normal group. Hence, microbes can be employed as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for oral cancer.
| S-EPMC8696029 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The main characteristics of panic disorder (PD) include recurrent panic attacks and persistent worry, accompanied by other physical and cognitive symptoms. While recent studies have revealed that gut bacteria play an important role in anxiety and depression, little is known about the relationship between oral microbiota and PD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore a possible correlation between oral microbiota and PD. We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to compare differences in the oral microbiota of patients with PD (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 40). Patients with PD exhibited higher alpha diversity (abundance and evenness) in their oral microbiota than healthy controls, while analysis of beta diversity revealed that the two groups differed in microbial community composition. Moreover, the relative abundance of 61 genera differed between them. Overall, PD resulted in distinct oral microbial profiles that could be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
| S-EPMC8806997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlterations in oral microbiota in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is less evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of the oral microbiome in SLE patients and healthy controls, and construct an SLE classifier based on the oral microbiota.MethodsWe sequenced tongue-coating samples of individuals in treatment-naïve SLE (n = 182) and matched healthy controls (n = 280). We characterized the oral microbiome and constructed a microbial classifier in the derivation cohort and validated the results in the validation cohorts. Furthermore, the oral microbiome of posttreatment SLE (n = 73) was characterized.ResultsThe oral microbial diversity of SLE was increased, and the microbial community was different between SLE and healthy controls. The genera Prevotella and Veillonella were enriched, while Streptococcus and Porphyromonas were reduced in SLE. In addition, an increase was noted in 27 predicted microbial functions, while a decrease was noted in 34 other functions. Thirty-nine operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were identified to be related with seven clinical indicators. Two OTUs were identified to construct a classifier, which yielded area under the curve values of 0.9166 (95% CI 0.8848-0.9483, p < 0.0001), 0.8422 (95% CI 0.7687-0.9157, p < 0.0001), and 0.8406 (95% CI 0.7677-0.9135, p < 0.0001) in the derivation, validation, and cross-regional validation groups, respectively. Moreover, as disease activity increased, Abiotrophia and Lactobacillales increased, while Phyllobacterium and unclassified Micrococcusaceae decreased. Finally, nine OTUs were selected to construct a classifier distinguishing posttreatment SLE patients from healthy controls, which achieved a diagnostic efficacy of 0.9942 (95% CI 0.9884-1, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur study comprehensively characterizes the oral microbiome of SLE and shows the potential of the oral microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in SLE.
| S-EPMC9905765 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of airway microbiota in COPD is highly debated. Symptomology assessment is vital for the management of clinically stable COPD patients; however, the link between symp toms and the airway microbiome is currently unknown.The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship among stable COPD patients.We conducted pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA using induced sputum samples in a Han Chinese cohort that included 40 clinically stable COPD patients and 19 healthy controls.Alterations in community composition and core bacte rial taxa (Neisseria subflava, etc.) were observed in patients with severe symptoms compared with controls. The co-occurrence network indicated that the key microbiota enriched in COPD patients showed higher expression in patients with severe symptoms. The association pattern of symptoms with the sputum microbiome was obviously different from that of lung function in COPD patients.These findings broaden our insights into the relationship between the sputum microbiota and the symptom severity in COPD patients, emphasizing the role of symptoms in the airway microbiome, independent of lung function.
| S-EPMC6072682 | biostudies-other
Project description:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and the fourth leading malignancy and cause of cancer-related death in the male population of Taiwan. Most cases are detected at advanced stages, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, improved detection of early oral health disorders is indispensable. The involvement of oral bacteria in inflammation and their association with OSCC progression provide a feasible target for diagnosis. Due to the nature of oral neoplasms, the diagnosis of epithelial precursor lesions is relatively easy compared with that of other types of cancer. However, the transition from an epithelial precursor lesion to cancer is slow and requires further and continuous follow-up. In this study, we investigated microbiota differences between normal individuals, epithelial precursor lesion patients, and cancer patients with different lifestyle habits, such as betel chewing and smoking, using next-generation sequencing. Overall, the oral microbiome compositions of five genera, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Slackia, revealed significant differences between epithelial precursor lesion and cancer patients and correlated with their classification into two clusters. These composition changes might have the potential to constitute a biomarker to help in monitoring the oral carcinogenesis transition from epithelial precursor lesion to cancer.
| S-EPMC5705712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding gut microbiota alterations associated with HIV infection and factors that drive these alterations may help explain gut-linked diseases prevalent with HIV. 16S rRNA sequencing of feces from HIV-infected individuals revealed that HIV infection is associated with highly characteristic gut community changes, and antiretroviral therapy does not consistently restore the microbiota to an HIV-negative state. Despite the chronic gut inflammation characteristic of HIV infection, the associated microbiota showed limited similarity with other inflammatory states and instead showed increased, rather than decreased, diversity. Meta-analysis revealed that the microbiota of HIV-infected individuals in the U.S. was most similar to a Prevotella-rich community composition typically observed in healthy individuals in agrarian cultures of Malawi and Venezuela and related to that of U.S. individuals with carbohydrate-rich, protein- and fat-poor diets. By evaluating innate and adaptive immune responses to lysates from bacteria that differ with HIV, we explore the functional drivers of these compositional differences.
| S-EPMC3864811 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Microbially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth. RESULTS:Species richness and alpha diversity differed little between PHIV and PHEU youth. Group differences in average counts met the significance threshold for six taxa; two Corynebacterium species were lower in PHIV and met thresholds for noteworthiness. Several known periodontitis-associated organisms (Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Filifactor alocis) exhibited expected associations with periodontitis in PHEU youth, associations not observed in PHIV youth. In both groups, odds of caries increased with counts of taxa in four genera, Streptococcus, Scardovia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS:The microbiomes of PHIV and PHEU youth were similar, although PHIV youth seemed to have fewer "health"-associated taxa such as Corynebacterium species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV infection, or its treatment, may contribute to oral dysbiosis.
| S-EPMC5984365 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite the increased frequency of recurrent pneumonia in HIV-infected patients and recent studies linking the airway bacterial community (microbiota) to acute and chronic respiratory infection, little is known of the oral and airway microbiota that exist in these individuals and their propensity to harbor pathogens despite antimicrobial treatment for acute pneumonia. This pilot study compared paired samples of the oral and airway microbiota from 15 hospitalized HIV-infected patients receiving antimicrobial treatment for acute pneumonia. Total DNA was extracted, bacterial burden was assessed by quantitative PCR, and amplified 16S rRNA was profiled for microbiome composition using a phylogenetic microarray (16S rRNA PhyloChip). Though the bacterial burden of the airway was significantly lower than that of the oral cavity, microbiota in both niches were comparably diverse. However, oral and airway microbiota exhibited niche specificity. Oral microbiota were characterized by significantly increased relative abundance of multiple species associated with the mouth, including members of the Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and TM7 phyla, while airway microbiota were primarily characterized by a relative expansion of the Proteobacteria. Twenty-two taxa were detected in both niches, including Streptococcus bovis and Chryseobacterium species, pathogens associated with HIV-infected populations. In addition, we compared the airway microbiota of five of these patients to those of five non-HIV-infected pneumonia patients from a previous study. Compared to the control population, HIV-infected patients exhibited relative increased abundance of a large number of phylogenetically distinct taxa, which included several known or suspected pathogenic organisms, suggesting that recurrent pneumonia in HIV-infected populations may be related to the presence of these species.
| S-EPMC3421777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in those over the age of 50. Recently, intestinal microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to discover more about the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in AMD patients.MethodsFecal samples from 30 patients with AMD (AMD group) and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) without any fundus disease were collected. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the samples were performed to identify intestinal microbial alterations. Further, we used BugBase for phenotypic prediction and PICRUSt2 for KEGG Orthology (KO) as well as metabolic feature prediction.ResultsThe intestinal microbiota was found to be significantly altered in the AMD group. The AMD group had a significantly lower level of Firmicutes and relatively higher levels of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota compared to those in the control group. At the genus level, the AMD patient group showed a considerably higher proportion of Escherichia-Shigella and lower proportions of Blautia and Anaerostipes compared with those in the control group. Phenotypic prediction revealed obvious differences in the four phenotypes between the two groups. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed KOs and pathways associated with altered intestinal microbiota. The abundance of the top eight KOs in the AMD group was higher than that in the control group. These KOs were mainly involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated that AMD patients had different gut microbiota compared with healthy controls, and that AMD pathophysiology might be linked to changes in gut-related metabolic pathways. Therefore, intestinal microbiota might serve as non-invasive indicators for AMD clinical diagnosis and possibly also as AMD treatment targets.
| S-EPMC10113553 | biostudies-literature