Dataset Information

Longitudinal associations between overweight/obesity and stress biology in low-income children.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Associations between overweight and altered stress biology have been reported cross-sectionally during childhood, but it is unclear whether overweight precedes altered stress biology or if altered stress biology predicts greater likelihood of overweight over time. The current longitudinal study investigates associations between overweight/obesity, salivary alpha amylase and cortisol morning intercept, diurnal slope, and reactivity to social stress in a cohort of low-income children during preschool and middle childhood. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Children were recruited through Head Start and were observed and followed into middle childhood (N?=?257; M?=?8.0 years). Height and weight were measured at both time points. Saliva samples were collected across the day and in response to a social challenge at both ages for alpha amylase and cortisol determination. RESULTS:Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that overweight/obesity at preschool predicted lower morning alpha amylase (??=?-0.18, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.03; p?=?0.023), lower morning cortisol (??=?-0.22, 95% CI: -0.38, -0.06; p?=?0.006), lower sAA diurnal slope (??=?-0.18, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.03; p?=?0.021), and lower cortisol stress reactivity (??=?-0.19, 95% CI: -0.35, -0.02; p?=?0.031) in middle childhood. Lower alpha amylase reactivity at preschool was the only biological factor that predicted higher likelihood of overweight/obesity at middle childhood (??=?-0.20, 95% CI: -0.38, -0.01; p?=?0.035). CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that overweight/obesity may be driving changes in stress biology across early-to-middle childhood, particularly in downregulation of morning levels of stress hormones, diurnal sAA slope, and cortisol reactivity to stress, rather than stress biology driving overweight/obesity.

SUBMITTER: Doom JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7050333 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal associations between overweight/obesity and stress biology in low-income children.

Doom Jenalee R JR Lumeng Julie C JC Sturza Julie J Kaciroti Niko N Vazquez Delia M DM Miller Alison L AL

International journal of obesity (2005) 20190902 3

<h4>Background/objectives</h4>Associations between overweight and altered stress biology have been reported cross-sectionally during childhood, but it is unclear whether overweight precedes altered stress biology or if altered stress biology predicts greater likelihood of overweight over time. The current longitudinal study investigates associations between overweight/obesity, salivary alpha amylase and cortisol morning intercept, diurnal slope, and reactivity to social stress in a cohort of low ...[more]

PMID: 31477784

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Sleep disturbances and low-quality diets are prevalent among children in low-income settings, yet the nature of their relationship remains unclear. In particular, whether aspects other than sleep duration, including timing and quality, are associated with dietary patterns has rarely been examined, especially among preschool-aged children. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether nightly and total sleep duration, sleep timing, differences in timing and duration from weekdays to weekends, and sleep quality were related to dietary patterns. DESIGN:A cross-sectional analysis of children attending preschool. Parents completed questionnaires about children's sleep habits as well as a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING:Three hundred fifty-four English-speaking children (49.9% boys) with no serious medical conditions aged 3 to 5 years who were enrolled in Head Start in Michigan (2009-2011) with complete information on sleep and diet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Dietary pattern scores derived from food frequency questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED:Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Separate linear regression models with dietary pattern scores as the dependent variable and continuous sleep measures as independent variables were used to evaluate associations between sleep and diet, adjusting for sex, age, parent education level, and sleep hygiene. RESULTS:Three dietary patterns were identified: Vegetables, Healthy Proteins, and Sides; Breads and Spreads; and Processed and Fried. Longer average weekend sleep duration and a greater difference in weekend-to-weekday sleep duration was related to lower Vegetables, Healthy Proteins, and Sides pattern scores. Later sleep midpoint during weekdays was related to lower Vegetables, Healthy Proteins, and Sides pattern scores, whereas later sleep midpoint on the weekend was associated with higher Processed and Fried pattern scores. Similarly, a larger weekend-weekday midpoint difference was associated with higher Processed and Fried pattern scores. CONCLUSIONS:Later sleep timing and differences in sleep duration and timing from weekends to weekdays were related to less-optimal dietary pattern scores in young children.

Project description:Background and aims: Youth populations with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) exhibit heterogeneity in cardiometabolic health phenotypes (e.g. fasting glucose, serum triglycerides, etc.). The underling mechanisms for those differences are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the whole blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes. Methods: 27 children with OW/OB (10.14 ± 1.3 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. MHO was defined as having none of the following criteria for metabolic syndrome: elevated fasting glucose, high serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, while MUO was defined as presenting one or more of these criteria. Inflammatory markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) were additionally determined. Total-blood RNA was analyzed by 5’-end RNA sequencing. Two different bioinformatics approaches were performed: 1) Differential gene expression analyses using Limma R/Bioconductor software package (analyses adjusted by sex and maturational status) and 2) weighted gene coexpression network analyses (WGCNA). Results: Children with MHO had lower values of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 compared to MUO (p < 0.05). 40 genes were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05) in children with MHO compared to MUO. WGCNA analysis identified 23 gene coexpression modules (i.e. clusters of genes) with low preservation (Zsummary < 2) in children with MHO compared to MUO. Differential and WGCNA gene expression patterns identified 32 genes linked to metabolism, mitochondrial and immune functions. Conclusions: Whole blood transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct pattern of gene expression in children with MHO compared to MUO children. The identified gene expression patterns related to metabolism, mitochondrial and immune functions can promote a better understanding of cardiovascular disease prognosis in individuals with MHO.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal associations between overweight/obesity and stress biology in low-income children.

Publications

Longitudinal associations between overweight/obesity and stress biology in low-income children.

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