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Does dietary intake change during an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk? A randomized comparative effectiveness trial.

ABSTRACT: Background:Evidence from physical activity interventions suggests that women, in particular, may overcompensate for exercise energy expenditure by increasing caloric intake. Sedentary behavior and poor dietary quality are independent risk factors for many major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether insufficiently active women, accumulating less than 60 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, alter caloric intake or dietary quality when participating in an 8-week intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and CVD risk. A secondary aim was to determine whether the two treatment groups differed from one another in dietary intake while participating in the intervention. Methods:Insufficiently active women (n?=?49) working full-time sedentary jobs were randomized to one of two treatment groups to reduce sedentary behavior during the workweek: short-break (1-2 min breaks from sitting every half hour, SB), or long-break (15 min breaks from sitting twice daily, LB). Three-day food records were collected at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). Risk factors for CVD were assessed at baseline and week 8. Results:For all participants, average caloric intake decreased significantly from baseline to week 8 by approximately 12% (??=?-?216.0 kcals, p?=?0.003). Average caloric intake decreased significantly over time for the SB group (??=?-?369.6 kcals, p?=?0.004), but not the LB group (??=?-?179.5 kcals, p?=?0.17). There was no significant difference between SB and LB groups with regard to calories from baseline to week 8 (F?=?0.51, p?=?0.48). Total AHEI-2010 scores did not decrease significantly for all participants (??=?-?4.0, p?=?0.14), SB (??=?-?5.2, p?=?0.16), or LB groups (??=?-?4.5, p?=?0.67). Conclusions:Following an 8-week intervention to reduce sedentary time, insufficiently active women decreased caloric intake over time, however there were no differences between SB and LB groups. In all participants, dietary quality was not altered over time. Future studies should explore sedentary reduction interventions compared to physical activity interventions as a means to create negative energy balance, as frequent sedentary breaks may be effective for improving health outcomes in women. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02609438, retrospectively registered November 20, 2015.

SUBMITTER: Casey K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7050876 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Does dietary intake change during an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk? A randomized comparative effectiveness trial.

Casey Kelsey K Mailey Emily L EL Rosenkranz Richard R RR Swank Aaron A Ablah Elizabeth E Rosenkranz Sara K SK

BMC nutrition 20180402

<h4>Background</h4>Evidence from physical activity interventions suggests that women, in particular, may overcompensate for exercise energy expenditure by increasing caloric intake. Sedentary behavior and poor dietary quality are independent risk factors for many major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether insufficiently active women, accumulating less than 60 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, al ...[more]

PMID: 32153880

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Project description:BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) is associated with various adverse health outcomes. The prevalence of prolonged sitting at work among office workers makes a case for SB interventions to target this setting and population. Everyday mundane objects with embedded microelectronics and ubiquitous computing represent a novel mode of delivering health behavior change interventions enabled by internet of things (IoTs). However, little is known about how to develop interventions involving IoT technologies.ObjectiveThis paper reports the design and development of an IoT-enabled SB intervention targeting office workers.MethodsThe process was guided by the behavior change wheel (BCW), a systematic framework for theory-informed and evidence-based development of behavior change interventions, complemented by the human-centered design (HCD) approach. Intervention design was shaped by findings from a diary-probed interview study (n=20), a stakeholder design workshop (n=8), and a series of theoretical mapping and collaborative technical design activities.ResultsThe resulting intervention named WorkMyWay targets a reduction in office workers' prolonged stationary behaviors at work and an increase in regular breaks by modifying behavioral determinants in 11 theoretical domains with 17 behavior change techniques. The delivery technology consists of a wearable activity tracker, a light-emitting diode reminder device attached to a vessel (ie, water bottle or cup), and a companion Android app connected to both devices over Bluetooth. The delivery plan consists of a 2-week baseline assessment, a 30-min face-to-face action planning session, and 6-week self-directed use of the delivery technology.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to develop a complex IoT-enabled intervention by applying a combination of the BCW and HCD approaches. The next step is to assess the feasibility of WorkMyWay prior to testing intervention efficacy in a full-scale trial. The intervention mapping table that links individual intervention components with hypothesized mechanisms of action can serve as the basis for testing and clarifying theory-based mechanisms of action in future studies on WorkMyWay.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study reports on the feasibility of the SitLess with MS trial, an intervention targeting sedentary behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignSingle group, pre-post intervention design.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsParticipants (N=41) with mild to moderate disability from MS.InterventionThe intervention was 15 weeks, with a 7-week follow-up, and included 2 stages: SitLess and MoveMore. During the SitLess stage, participants were encouraged to break up prolonged sitting bouts over a 7-week period, whereas the MoveMore stage promoted increased steps per day and interrupting sitting over a 7-week period. The intervention was delivered through weekly one-on-one coaching sessions via telerehabilitation and an accompanying newsletter based on social-cognitive theory. Activity was monitored throughout the program using a Fitbit.Main outcome measuresProcess (eg, recruitment) and resource and management (eg, personnel requirements) metrics were assessed, along with efficacy outcomes (eg, effect). Progression criteria were set a priori and were related to safety, fatigue, satisfaction, and attrition. Sedentary behavior, measured using the ActivPal, was reported pre- and postintervention, as well as 7 weeks postintervention. Effect sizes (pre to post, pre to 7 weeks post) were calculated for the sedentary behavior outcomes (eg, time sitting, transitions from sitting to standing, number of long sitting bouts). Experiences with the intervention were explored through an online survey.ResultsForty-one participants enrolled, 39 of whom completed the intervention. All participants but 1 were satisfied with the experience. Pre-post intervention effect sizes for change in total sedentary time, number of transitions from sit to stand, and number of long (>30 min) sedentary bouts were 0.34, 0.02, and 0.39 respectively. All a priori progression criteria were met.ConclusionsThe SitLess with MS program, a novel intervention that emphasized and facilitated sitting less and moving more, was feasible and resulted in small changes in sedentary behavior in individuals with MS.

Project description:BackgroundSedentary behavior occurs largely subconsciously, and thus specific behavior change techniques are needed to increase conscious awareness of sedentary behavior. Chief amongst these behavior change techniques is self-monitoring of sedentary behavior. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of existing interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults.MethodsFour electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library) and grey literature (Google Scholar and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched to identify appropriate intervention studies. Only (cluster-)randomized controlled trials that 1) assessed the short-term effectiveness of an intervention aimed at the reduction of sedentary behavior, 2) used self-monitoring as a behavior change technique, and 3) were conducted in a sample of adults with an average age???18?years, were eligible for inclusion. Relevant data were extracted, and Hedge's g was used as the measure of effect sizes. Random effects models were performed to conduct the meta-analysis.ResultsNineteen intervention studies with a total of 2800 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results of the meta-analyses showed that interventions using self-monitoring significantly reduced total sedentary time (Hedges g?=?0,32; 95% CI?=?0,14 -?0,50; p?=?0,001) and occupational sedentary time (Hedge's g?=?0,56; 95% CI?=?0,07 -?0,90; p?=?0,02) on the short term. Subgroup analyses showed that significant intervention effects were only found if objective self-monitoring tools were used (g?=?0,40; 95% CI?=?0,19 -?0,60; p?<?0,001), and if the intervention only targeted sedentary behavior (g?=?0,45; 95% CI?=?0,15-0,75; p?=?0,004). No significant intervention effects were found on the number of breaks in sedentary behavior.ConclusionsDespite the small sample sizes, and the large heterogeneity, results of the current meta-analysis suggested that interventions using self-monitoring as a behavior change technique have the potential to reduce sedentary behavior in adults. If future - preferably large-scale studies - can prove that the reductions in sedentary behavior are attributable to self-monitoring and can confirm the sustainability of this behavior change, multi-level interventions including self-monitoring may impact public health by reducing sedentary behavior.

Project description:Low fruit and vegetable consumption is linked with an increased risk of death from vascular disease and cancer. The benefit of eating fruits and vegetables is attributed in part to antioxidants, vitamins and phytochemicals. Whether increasing intake impacts on markers of disease remains to be established. This study investigates whether increasing daily intake of fruits, vegetables and juices from low (approx. 3 portions), to high intakes (approx. 8 portions) impacts on nutritional and clinical biomarkers. Barriers to achieving the recommended fruit and vegetable intakes are also investigated.In a randomised clinical trial, the participants [19 men and 26 women (39-58 years)] with low reported fruit, juice and vegetable intake (<3 portions/day) were randomised to consume either their usual diet or a diet supplemented with an additional 480 g of fruit and vegetables and fruit juice (300 ml) daily for 12 weeks. Nutritional biomarkers (vitamin C, carotenoids, B vitamins), antioxidant capacity and genomic stability were measured pre-intervention, at 4-, 8- and 12 weeks throughout the intervention. Samples were also taken post-intervention after a 6-week washout period. Glucose, homocysteine, lipids, blood pressure, weight and arterial stiffness were also measured. Intake of fruit, fruit juice and vegetables was reassessed 12 months after conducting the study and a questionnaire was developed to identify barriers to healthy eating.Intake increased significantly in the intervention group compared to controls, achieving 8.4 portions/day after 12 weeks. Plasma vitamin C (35%), folate (15%) and certain carotenoids [?-carotene (50%) and ?-carotene (70%) and lutein/zeaxanthin (70%)] were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. There were no significant changes in antioxidant capacity, DNA damage and markers of vascular health. Barriers to achieving recommended intakes of fruits and vegetables measured 12 months after the intervention period were amount, inconvenience and cost.While increasing fruit, juice and vegetable consumption increases circulating level of beneficial nutrients in healthy subjects, a 12-week intervention was not associated with effects on antioxidant status or lymphocyte DNA damage.This trial was registered at Controlled-Trials.com; registration ISRCTN71368072.

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Does dietary intake change during an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk? A randomized comparative effectiveness trial.

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Does dietary intake change during an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk? A randomized comparative effectiveness trial.

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