Sedentary behavior: target for change, challenge to assess.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rosenberger M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4109084 | biostudies-other | 2012 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:ObjectiveMobile applications (apps) are increasingly being utilized in health behavior change interventions. To determine the presence of underlying behavior change mechanisms, apps for physical activity have been coded for behavior change techniques (BCTs). However, apps for sedentary behavior have yet to be assessed for BCTs. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to review apps designed to decrease sedentary time and determine the presence of BCTs.MethodsSystematic searches of the iTunes App and Google Play stores were completed using keyword searches. Two reviewers independently coded free (n = 36) and paid (n = 14) app descriptions using a taxonomy of 93 BCTs (December 2016-January 2017). A subsample (n = 4) of free apps were trialed for one week by the reviewers and coded for the presence of BCTs (February 2017).ResultsIn the free and paid app descriptions, only 10 of 93 BCTs were present with a mean of 2.42 BCTs (range 0-6) per app. The BCTs coded most frequently were "prompts/cues" (n = 43), "information about health consequences" (n = 31), and "self-monitoring of behavior" (n = 17). For the four free apps that were trialed, three additional BCTs were coded that were not coded in the descriptions: "graded tasks," "focus on past successes," and "behavior substitution."ConclusionsThese sedentary behavior apps have fewer BCTs compared with physical activity apps and traditional (i.e., non-app) physical activity and healthy eating interventions. The present study sheds light on the behavior change potential of sedentary behavior apps and provides practical insight about coding for BCTs in apps.
| S-EPMC6043935 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sedentary behavior has already been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Questionnaires are an affordable tool for measuring sedentary behavior in large epidemiological studies. Here, we introduce and evaluate two statistical methods for quantifying measurement error in questionnaires. Accurate estimates are needed for assessing questionnaire quality. The two methods would be applied to validation studies that measure a sedentary behavior by both questionnaire and accelerometer on multiple days. The first method fits a reduced model by assuming the accelerometer is without error, while the second method fits a more complete model that allows both measures to have error. Because accelerometers tend to be highly accurate, we show that ignoring the accelerometer's measurement error, can result in more accurate estimates of measurement error in some scenarios. In this manuscript, we derive asymptotic approximations for the Mean-Squared Error of the estimated parameters from both methods, evaluate their dependence on study design and behavior characteristics, and offer an R package so investigators can make an informed choice between the two methods. We demonstrate the difference between the two methods in a recent validation study comparing Previous Day Recalls (PDR) to an accelerometer-based ActivPal.
| S-EPMC4915393 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study reports on the feasibility of the SitLess with MS trial, an intervention targeting sedentary behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignSingle group, pre-post intervention design.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsParticipants (N=41) with mild to moderate disability from MS.InterventionThe intervention was 15 weeks, with a 7-week follow-up, and included 2 stages: SitLess and MoveMore. During the SitLess stage, participants were encouraged to break up prolonged sitting bouts over a 7-week period, whereas the MoveMore stage promoted increased steps per day and interrupting sitting over a 7-week period. The intervention was delivered through weekly one-on-one coaching sessions via telerehabilitation and an accompanying newsletter based on social-cognitive theory. Activity was monitored throughout the program using a Fitbit.Main outcome measuresProcess (eg, recruitment) and resource and management (eg, personnel requirements) metrics were assessed, along with efficacy outcomes (eg, effect). Progression criteria were set a priori and were related to safety, fatigue, satisfaction, and attrition. Sedentary behavior, measured using the ActivPal, was reported pre- and postintervention, as well as 7 weeks postintervention. Effect sizes (pre to post, pre to 7 weeks post) were calculated for the sedentary behavior outcomes (eg, time sitting, transitions from sitting to standing, number of long sitting bouts). Experiences with the intervention were explored through an online survey.ResultsForty-one participants enrolled, 39 of whom completed the intervention. All participants but 1 were satisfied with the experience. Pre-post intervention effect sizes for change in total sedentary time, number of transitions from sit to stand, and number of long (>30 min) sedentary bouts were 0.34, 0.02, and 0.39 respectively. All a priori progression criteria were met.ConclusionsThe SitLess with MS program, a novel intervention that emphasized and facilitated sitting less and moving more, was feasible and resulted in small changes in sedentary behavior in individuals with MS.
| S-EPMC7853339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The location in which physical activity and sedentary behavior are performed can provide valuable behavioral information, both in isolation and synergistically with other areas of physical activity and sedentary behavior research. Global positioning systems (GPS) have been used in physical activity research to identify outdoor location; however, while GPS can receive signals in certain indoor environments, it is not able to provide room- or subroom-level location. On average, adults spend a high proportion of their time indoors. A measure of indoor location would, therefore, provide valuable behavioral information.This systematic review sought to identify and critique technology which has been or could be used to assess the location of physical activity and sedentary behavior.To identify published research papers, four electronic databases were searched using key terms built around behavior, technology, and location. To be eligible for inclusion, papers were required to be published in English and describe a wearable or portable technology or device capable of measuring location. Searches were performed up to February 4, 2015. This was supplemented by backward and forward reference searching. In an attempt to include novel devices which may not yet have made their way into the published research, searches were also performed using three Internet search engines. Specialized software was used to download search results and thus mitigate the potential pitfalls of changing search algorithms.A total of 188 research papers met the inclusion criteria. Global positioning systems were the most widely used location technology in the published research, followed by wearable cameras, and radio-frequency identification. Internet search engines identified 81 global positioning systems, 35 real-time locating systems, and 21 wearable cameras. Real-time locating systems determine the indoor location of a wearable tag via the known location of reference nodes. Although the type of reference node and location determination method varies between manufacturers, Wi-Fi appears to be the most popular method.The addition of location information to existing measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior will provide important behavioral information.
| S-EPMC4705371 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPromoting exercise-related behavior change in rehabilitation is a challenge. The lack of integration between rehabilitation program prescriptions, behavior change interventions, and behavioral change theories is profound. Using behavior change theories properly is crucial for better adherence and promoting positive outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to bring theories that support the understanding of exercise-related behavioral change to the attention of rehabilitation practitioners.ObjectiveThis masterclass article aims to provide the theoretical background of theories and strategies for exercise behavior change within the physical therapy context based on acknowledged behavioral change theoretical models.MethodsThis is a narrative review that examines six behavior theories; five of them well-established, and a new (and promising) theory that has exhibited the most favorable outcomes in rehabilitation settings. The development process for this masterclass included conversations between authors, reviewing behavior theories, summarizing and discussing the theories' concepts and strategies for physical therapy.ResultsThe included theories were self-determination theory, social-cognitive theory, the transtheoretical model, the theory of planned behavior, the health belief model, and the unifying theory of physical activity. Each theory offers a unique perspective on exercise behavior change within rehabilitation, exploring constructs such as motivation, self-efficacy, stages of change, behavioral intention, perceived threat, and the core elements of physical activity expression.ConclusionThese theoretical models provide a foundation for understanding and developing strategies for promoting exercise behavior change in rehabilitation. Knowing and using these theories is important for respecting the patient's individuality.
| S-EPMC10749239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Using mobile phone apps to promote behavior change is becoming increasingly common. However, there is no clear way to rate apps against their behavior change potential. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to develop a reliable, theory-based scale that can be used to assess the behavior change potential of smartphone apps. METHODS:A systematic review of all studies purporting to investigate app's behavior change potential was conducted. All scales and measures from the identified studies were collected to create an item pool. From this item pool, 3 health promotion exerts created the App Behavior Change Scale (ABACUS). To test the scale, 70 physical activity apps were rated to provide information on reliability. RESULTS:The systematic review returned 593 papers, the abstracts and titles of all were reviewed, with the full text of 77 papers reviewed; 50 papers met the inclusion criteria. From these 50 papers, 1333 questions were identified. Removing duplicates and unnecessary questions left 130 individual questions, which were then refined into the 21-item scale. The ABACUS demonstrates high percentage agreement among reviewers (over 80%), with 3 questions scoring a Krippendorff alpha that would indicate agreement and a further 7 came close with alphas >.5. The scale overall reported high interrater reliability (2-way mixed interclass coefficient=.92, 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.93). CONCLUSIONS:The ABACUS is a reliable tool that can be used to determine the behavior change potential of apps. This instrument fills a gap by allowing the evaluation of a large number of apps to be standardized across a range of health categories.
| S-EPMC6367670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe evaluated the validity and sensitivity to change of a workplace questionnaire to assess sedentary behavior (SB) during and outside work.MethodsParticipants wore an activPAL and completed an SB questionnaire at two time points (baseline and 3-month follow-up). Ecological momentary assessments were used to assess workplace location (at desk vs. away from desk). Intraclass correlation coefficients, mean difference, root of mean square error, kappa agreement, and Bland-Altman plots assessed validity. Sensitivity to change after 3 months of intervention was assessed using the standardized effect size.ResultsData from 546 participants (age = 45.1 ± 16.4 years, 24.9% males, 72.7% white) were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.08 to 0.23. SB was overestimated d¯(95%CI)[] by 47.9 (39.2, 56.6) min during work hours but underestimated for both non-work hours and nonworkdays by -38.3 (-47.4, 29.1) and -106.7 (124.0, -89.5) min, respectively. Participants slightly underestimated SB by -3.4 (-12.6, 5.7)% when at their desk but overestimated SB by 2.8 (-2.4, 8.0)% when not at their desk. The questionnaire demonstrated similar standardized effect size (>0.6) to the activPAL for sedentary and standing time.ConclusionsAgreement between the questionnaire and activPAL was on par with other self-report measures. The questionnaire yielded valid estimates of at/away from desk SB and was sensitive to change.
| S-EPMC6420389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Estrogen depletion in both rodents and humans leads to inactivity, unhealthy fat accumulation, and metabolic syndrome, underscoring the conserved metabolic benefits of estrogen signaling that inevitably decline with aging. Here, we uncover a hypothalamic node that integrates estrogen and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling to drive episodic bursts in activity prior to ovulation. Skirting the estrogen-dependent gating of this node by CRISPR activation of Mc4r reduces sedentary behavior long-term in both males and females. Our findings expand the impact of MC4R signaling beyond food intake regulation and rationalize reported sex-differences in melanocortin signaling including increased disease severity for women with MC4R-insuffciency. This newly identified hormone-dependent activity node illustrates the potency of estrogen in maintaining an active lifestyle.
2021-03-01 | GSE141434 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundSedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality. Occupational sitting time contributes to large amounts of daily sedentary behavior, especially in office workers.ObjectiveThis study investigated the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior during different tasks at work and while commuting of administrative personnel of a university hospital in Germany.Material and methodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of administrative employees at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany was carried out to assess work-related sedentary behavior. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 159 participants (54.1% women, 51.6% older than 40 years), which corresponds to a response rate of 26%. The median daily sitting time in the office was 7.0 h (interquartile range, IQR 6.0-7.5 h) and mostly occurred during computer work (57.3%), telephone calls (13.2%) and meetings (11.7%). Median standing time at work was 0.8 h (IQR 0.3-1.4 h). Administrative staff spent a median of 0.7 h (IQR 0.3-1.0 h) per day sedentary while commuting, with 67.3% of respondents commuting by car, motorbike or scooter. The participants were of the opinion that sitting for long uninterrupted periods had negative (69.6%) or relatively negative (29.7%) effects on health.ConclusionAdministrative staff in hospitals spend large amounts of the daily working time with sedentary behavior. Interventions that enable working both in sitting and standing positions can lead to reduced work-related sitting time and thereby could improve occupational and, in a broader sense, public health.
| S-EPMC9829228 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSedentary time (ST) has been reported to have a range of negative health effects in adults, however, the evidence for such effects among children and adolescents is sparse. The primary aim of the study was to examine associations between changes in sedentary behavior (time and fragmentation) and changes in adiposity across childhood and adolescence.MethodsParticipants were recruited as part of the Gateshead Millennium Study. Measures were taken at age 7 (n=502), 9 (n=506), 12 (n=420) and 15 years (n=306). Participants wore an ActiGraph GT1M and accelerometer epochs were 'sedentary' when recorded counts were ⩽25 counts per 15 s. ST was calculated and fragmentation (SF) was assessed by calculating the number of sedentary bouts per sedentary hour. Associations of changes in ST and SF with changes in adiposity (body mass index (BMI), and fat mass index (FMI)) were examined using bivariate linear spline models.ResultsIncreasing ST by 1% per year was associated with an increase in BMI of 0.08 kg m-2 per year (95% CI: 0.06-0.10; P<0.001) and FMI of 0.15 kg m-2 per year (0.11-0.19; P<0.001). Change in SF was associated with BMI and FMI (P<0.001). An increase of 1 bout per sedentary hour per year (that is, sedentary time becoming more fragmented) was associated with an increase in BMI of 0.07 kg m-2 per year (0.06-0.09; P<0.001) and an increase in FMI of 0.14 kg m-2 per year (0.10-0.18; P<0.001) over the 8 years period. However, an increase in SF between 9-12 years was associated with a 0.09 kg m-2 per year decrease in BMI (-0.18-0.00; P=0.046) and 0.11 kg m-2 per year decrease in FMI (-0.22-0.00; P=0.049).ConclusionsIncreased ST and increased SF from 7-15 years were associated with increased adiposity. This is the first study to show age-specific associations between change in objectively measured sedentary behavior and adiposity after adjustment of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in children and adolescents. The study suggests that, targeting sedentary behavior for obesity prevention may be most effective during periods in which we see large increases in ST.
| S-EPMC5500163 | biostudies-literature