Dataset Information

The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer.

ABSTRACT: Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature¹. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium² of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized mutational signatures using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences that encompass most types of cancer. We identified 49 single-base-substitution, 11 doublet-base-substitution, 4 clustered-base-substitution and 17 small insertion-and-deletion signatures. The substantial size of our dataset, compared with previous analyses^3-15, enabled the discovery of new signatures, the separation of overlapping signatures and the decomposition of signatures into components that may represent associated-but distinct-DNA damage, repair and/or replication mechanisms. By estimating the contribution of each signature to the mutational catalogues of individual cancer genomes, we revealed associations of signatures to exogenous or endogenous exposures, as well as to defective DNA-maintenance processes. However, many signatures are of unknown cause. This analysis provides a systematic perspective on the repertoire of mutational processes that contribute to the development of human cancer.

SUBMITTER: Alexandrov LB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7054213 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer.

Alexandrov Ludmil B LB Kim Jaegil J Haradhvala Nicholas J NJ Huang Mi Ni MN Tian Ng Alvin Wei AW Wu Yang Y Boot Arnoud A Covington Kyle R KR Gordenin Dmitry A DA Bergstrom Erik N EN Islam S M Ashiqul SMA Lopez-Bigas Nuria N Klimczak Leszek J LJ McPherson John R JR Morganella Sandro S Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan R Wheeler David A DA Mustonen Ville V Getz Gad G Rozen Steven G SG Stratton Michael R MR

Nature 20200205 7793

Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature<sup>1</sup>. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium<sup>2</sup> of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized mutational signatures using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences that encompass most types of cancer. We i ...[more]

PMID: 32025018

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Project description:BackgroundSomatic mutations in cancer genomes occur through a variety of molecular mechanisms, which contribute to different mutational patterns. To summarize these, mutational signatures have been defined using a large number of cancer genomes, and related to distinct mutagenic processes. Each cancer genome can be compared to this reference dataset and its exposure to one or the other signature be determined. Given the very different mutational patterns of these signatures, we anticipate that they will have distinct impact on genomic elements, in particular motifs for transcription factor binding sites (TFBS).MethodsWe used the 30 mutational signatures from the COSMIC database, and derived a theoretical framework to infer the impact of these signatures on the alteration of transcription factor (TF) binding motifs from the JASPAR database. Hence, we translated the trinucleotide mutation frequencies of the signatures into alteration frequencies of specific TF binding motifs, leading either to creation or disruption of these motifs.ResultsMotif families show different susceptibility to alterations induced by the mutational signatures. For certain motifs, a high correlation is observed between the TFBS motif creation and disruption events related to the information content of the motif. Moreover, we observe striking patterns regarding for example the Ets-motif family, for which a high impact of UV induced signatures is observed. Our model also confirms the susceptibility of specific transcription factor motifs to deamination processes.ConclusionOur results show that the mutational signatures have different impact on the binding motifs of transcription factors and that for certain high complexity motifs there is a strong correlation between creation and disruption, related to the information content of the motif. This study represents a background estimation of the alterations due purely to mutational signatures in the absence of additional contributions, e.g. from evolutionary processes.

Dataset Information

The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer.

Publications

The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer.

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