Dataset Information

Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the response of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to amitraz treatment.

ABSTRACT: Amitraz is an acaricide that is widely used in apiculture. Several studies have reported that in honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae), amitraz affects learning, memory, behavior, immunity, and various other physiological processes. Despite this, few studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of amitraz on honeybees. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of honeybees after exposure to 9.4 mg/L amitraz for 10 d, a subchronic dose. Overall, 279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (237 upregulated, 42 downregulated). Several, including Pla2, LOC725381, LOC413324, LOC724386, LOC100577456, LOC551785, and P4504c3, were validated by quantitative PCR. According to gene ontology, DEGs were mainly involved in metabolism, biosynthesis, and translation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that amitraz treatment affected the relaxin signaling pathway, platelet activation, and protein digestion and absorption.

SUBMITTER: Ye L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7060074 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the response of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to amitraz treatment.

Ye Liang L Liu Peng P Shi Tengfei T Wang Anran A Zhu Yujie Y Li Lai L Yu Linsheng L

PloS one 20200306 3

Amitraz is an acaricide that is widely used in apiculture. Several studies have reported that in honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae), amitraz affects learning, memory, behavior, immunity, and various other physiological processes. Despite this, few studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of amitraz on honeybees. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of honeybees after exposure to 9.4 mg/L amitraz for 10 d, a subchronic dose. Overall, 279 differ ...[more]

PMID: 32143212

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Project description:The widespread geographical distribution of Rhipicephalus decoloratus in southern Africa and its ability to transmit the pathogens causing redwater, gallsickness and spirochaetosis in cattle makes this hematophagous ectoparasite of economic importance. In South Africa, the most commonly used chemical acaricides to control tick populations are pyrethroids and amitraz. The current amitraz resistance mechanism described in R. microplus, from South Africa and Australia, involves mutations in the octopamine receptor, but it is unlikely that this will be the only contributing factor to mediate resistance. Therefore, in this study we aimed to gain insight into the more complex mechanism(s) underlying amitraz resistance in R. decoloratus using RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when comparing amitraz susceptible and resistant ticks in the presence of amitraz while fed on bovine hosts. The most significant DEGs were further analysed using several annotation tools. The predicted annotations from these genes, as well as KEGG pathways potentially point towards a relationship between the ?-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor and ionotropic glutamate receptors in establishing amitraz resistance. All genes with KEGG pathway annotations were further validated using RT-qPCR across all life stages of the tick. In susceptible ticks, the proposed model is that in the presence of amitraz, there is inhibition of Ca2+ entry into cells and subsequent membrane hyperpolarization which prevents the release of neurotransmitters. In resistant ticks, we hypothesize that this is overcome by ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA and AMPA) to enhance synaptic transmission and plasticity in the presence of neurosteroids. Activation of NMDA receptors initiates long term potentiation (LTP) which may allow the ticks to respond more rapidly and with less stimulus when exposed to amitraz in future. Overactivation of the NMDA receptor and excitotoxicity is attenuated by the estrone, NAD+ and ATP hydrolysing enzymes. This proposed pathway paves the way to future studies on understanding amitraz resistance and should be validated using in vivo activity assays (through the use of inhibitors or antagonists) in combination with metabolome analyses.

Project description:Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are a widespread corbiculate lineage (Apinae: Corbiculata: Bombini), mostly found among temperate and alpine ecosystems. Approximately 260 species have been recognized and grouped recently into a simplified system of 15 subgenera. Most of the species are nest-building and primitively eusocial. Species of Bombus have been more intensely studied than any other lineages of bees with the exception of the honey bees. However, most bumble bee fossils are poorly described and documented, making their placement relative to other Bombus uncertain. A large portion of the known and presumed bumble bee fossils were re-examined in an attempt to better understand their affinities with extant Bombini. The taxonomic affinities of fossil specimens were re-assessed based on morphological features and previous descriptions, and for 13 specimens based on geometric morphometrics of forewing shape. None of the specimens coming from Eocene and Oligocene deposits were assigned within the contemporary shape space of any subgenus of Bombus. It is shown that Calyptapis florissantensis Cockerell, 1906 (Eocene-Oligocene boundary, Florissant shale, Colorado, USA) and Oligobombus cuspidatus Antropov, 2014 (Late Eocene, Bembridge Marls) likely belong to stem-group Bombini. Bombus anacolus Zhang, 1994, B. dilectus Zhang, 1994, B. luianus Zhang, 1990 (Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation), as well as B. vetustus Rasnitsyn & Michener, 1991 (Miocene, Botchi Formation) are considered as species inquirenda. In the Miocene, affinities of fossils with derived subgenera of Bombus s. l. increased, and some are included in the shape space of contemporary subgenera: Cullumanobombus (i.e., B. pristinus Unger, 1867, B. randeckensis Wappler & Engel, 2012, and B. trophonius Prokop, Dehon, Michez & Engel, 2017), Melanobombus (i.e., B. cerdanyensis Dehon, De Meulemeester & Engel, 2014), and Mendacibombus (i.e., B. beskonakensis (Nel & Petrulevičius, 2003), new combination), agreeing with previous estimates of diversification.

Dataset Information

Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the response of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to amitraz treatment.

Publications

Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the response of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to amitraz treatment.

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