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The time spent sitting does not always mean a low level of physical activity.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The problem of spending most of the day in a sitting position concerns all people, regardless of their age. Unfortunately, this trend is more and more often observed among young people. The aim of the study was to assess self-reported physical activity and time spent sitting among students of different fields of health related faculty. METHODS:The study group included 216 students (22.3?±?1.8?years of age) of the Medical University of Lodz: physiotherapy students (n?=?101), pharmacy students (n?=?73), and dietetics students (n?=?42). The time spent sitting and physical activity level were assessed based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long version. RESULTS:The time spent sitting among health related faculty students was on average more than 46?h a week (2781.8?±?1238.5 MET-minutes/week). Regarding all the students the pharmacy students spent most time sitting (3086.0?±?1032.1 MET-minutes/week), while the dietetics students spent the least (2215.7?±?1230.1 MET-minutes/week). Taking into account the physical activity level almost 65% of all the students were in a high category (mainly physiotherapy students). Only 1.4% of all the surveyed students were classified as the low physical activity category. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (P?=?0.6880) between the time spent sitting and level of physical activity among all students. CONCLUSIONS:Students of medical universities spend too much hours on sitting, mostly 5-8?h a day. Despite this, they undertake various activities due to which their level of physical activity is moderate or even high. Therefore, it cannot be unequivocally stated that there is a relationship between the time spent sitting and physical activity level.

SUBMITTER: Matusiak-Wieczorek E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7068961 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The time spent sitting does not always mean a low level of physical activity.

Matusiak-Wieczorek Ewelina E Lipert Anna A Kochan Ewa E Jegier Anna A

BMC public health 20200312 1

<h4>Background</h4>The problem of spending most of the day in a sitting position concerns all people, regardless of their age. Unfortunately, this trend is more and more often observed among young people. The aim of the study was to assess self-reported physical activity and time spent sitting among students of different fields of health related faculty.<h4>Methods</h4>The study group included 216 students (22.3 ± 1.8 years of age) of the Medical University of Lodz: physiotherapy students (n = 1 ...[more]

PMID: 32164661

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Project description:Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with long-term mortality attributed to inflammatory causes other than cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in a national cohort of older adults in Spain. Design: Prospective study. Setting and Participants: A cohort of 3,677 individuals (1,626 men) aged ?60 years was followed-up during 14.3 years. Measures: At baseline, individuals reported PA and ST. The study outcome was death from inflammatory diseases when CVD or cancer mortality was excluded. This outcome was classified into infectious and non-infectious conditions. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for PA, ST, and other main confounders (age, sex, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and chronic conditions). Results: During follow-up, 286 deaths from inflammatory diseases (77 from infectious diseases) were identified. Compared to individuals who defined themselves as inactive/less active, mortality from inflammatory diseases was lower in those who were moderately active (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.90) or very active (HR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.33-0.68), independently of ST. Also, being seated ?7 h/d vs. <7 h/d was linked to higher mortality (HR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.02-1.87). The largest risk of mortality was observed in inactive/less active individuals with ST?7 h/d (HR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.59-3.29) compared to those with moderate/very PA and ST <7 h/d. Low PA and high ST were consistently associated with a higher risk of mortality from non-infectious inflammatory causes. Associations of PA and ST with mortality from infectious inflammatory causes showed a similar trend, but most of them did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Low PA and high ST were independently associated with higher mortality from inflammatory diseases other than CVD or cancer in older adults. Interventions addressing simultaneously both behaviors could have greater benefits than those focusing on only one of them.

Project description:IntroductionClassroom-based active breaks are a feasible and effective way to reduce and break up sitting time, and to potentially benefit physical health in school children. However, the effect of active breaks on children's cognitive functions and brain activity remains unclear.ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of an active break intervention on typically developing children's cognitive functions and brain activity, sitting/standing/stepping, on-task behaviour, and enjoyment.MethodsUp to 141 children, aged between 6 and 8 years (46% girls), were included, although about half of them completed two of the assessments (n = 77, working memory; n = 67, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex haemodynamic response). Classrooms from two consenting schools were randomly allocated to a six-week simple or cognitively engaging active break intervention. Classrooms from another school acted as a control group. The main analyses used linear mixed models, clustered at the class level and adjusted for sex and age, to investigate the effects of the interventions on response inhibition, lapses of attention, working memory, event-related brain haemodynamic response (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). The mediating effects of sitting/standing/stepping on cognition/brain activity were also explored. To test intervention fidelity, we investigated differences by group on the change values in children's sitting, standing, and moving patterns during class/school time using linear mixed models. Generalized linear mixed models clustered at the individual level were used to examine on-task behaviour data. For the intervention groups only, we also assessed children's perceived enjoyment, physical exertion and mental exertion related to the active breaks and compared the results using independent t-tests.ResultsThere was a significantly greater positive change in the proportion of deoxygenated haemoglobin in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of children assigned to cognitively engaging active breaks compared to the control group (B = 1.53 × 10-07, 95% CI [0.17 × 10-07, 2.90 × 10-07]), which under the same cognitive performance is suggestive of improved neural efficiency. Mixed models showed no significant effects on response inhibition, lapses of attention, working memory. The mediation analysis revealed that the active breaks positively affected response inhibition via a change in sitting and standing time. The sitting, standing, and moving patterns and on-task behaviour were positively affected by the active breaks at end of trial, but not at mid-trial. Children in both intervention groups showed similarly high levels of enjoyment of active breaks.ConclusionCognitively engaging active breaks may improve brain efficiency in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the neural substrate of executive functions, as well as response inhibition, via effects partially mediated by the change in sitting/stepping time. Active breaks can effectively reduce sitting and increase standing/stepping and improve on-task behaviour, but the regular implementation of these activities might require time for teachers to become familiar with. Further research is needed to confirm what type of active break best facilitates cognition.

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The time spent sitting does not always mean a low level of physical activity.

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The time spent sitting does not always mean a low level of physical activity.

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