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Mechanical load-induced H2S production by periodontal ligament stem cells activates M1 macrophages to promote bone remodeling and tooth movement via STAT1.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Tooth movement is a unique bone remodeling process induced by mechanical stimulation. Macrophages are important in mediating inflammatory processes during mechanical load-induced tooth movement. However, how macrophages are regulated under mechanical stimulation remains unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate macrophage polarization during bone remodeling. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be produced by MSCs and have been linked to bone homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether H2S contributed to periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-regulated macrophage polarization and bone remodeling under mechanical stimulation. METHODS:An experimental mechanical load-induced tooth movement animal model was established. Changes in cystathionine-?-synthase (CBS), markers of M1/M2 macrophages, tooth movement distance, and the number of osteoclasts were examined. The conditioned medium of PDLSCs with or without mechanical loading was utilized to treat THP-1 derived macrophages for 24?h to further investigate the effect of PDLSCs on macrophage polarization. Different treatments with H2S donor, CBS inhibitor, or the inhibitor of STAT1 were used to investigate the related mechanism. Markers of M1/M2 polarization and STAT1 pathway expression were evaluated in macrophages. RESULTS:Mechanical load promoted tooth movement and increased the number of M1-like macrophages, M1-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of CBS on the compression side of the periodontal ligament. The injection of CBS inhibitor or H2S donor could further repress or increase the number of M1-like macrophages, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts and the distance of tooth movement. Mechanistically, load-induced PDLSCs enhanced H2S production, which increased the expression of M1-associated cytokines in macrophages. These effects could be blocked by the administration of CBS inhibitor. Moreover, load-induced H2S steered M1 macrophage polarization via the STAT1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest a novel mechanism indicating that mechanical load-stimulated PDLSCs produce H2S to polarize macrophages toward the M1 phenotype via the STAT1 signaling pathway, which contributes to bone remodeling and tooth movement process. These results provide new insights into the role of PDLSCs in regulating macrophage polarization and mediating bone remodeling under mechanical stimulation, and indicate that appropriate H2S supplementation may accelerate tooth movement.

SUBMITTER: He D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7071778 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mechanical load-induced H<sub>2</sub>S production by periodontal ligament stem cells activates M1 macrophages to promote bone remodeling and tooth movement via STAT1.

He Danqing D Liu Fuliang F Cui Shengjie S Jiang Nan N Yu Huajie H Zhou Yanheng Y Liu Yan Y Kou Xiaoxing X

Stem cell research & therapy 20200313 1

<h4>Background</h4>Tooth movement is a unique bone remodeling process induced by mechanical stimulation. Macrophages are important in mediating inflammatory processes during mechanical load-induced tooth movement. However, how macrophages are regulated under mechanical stimulation remains unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate macrophage polarization during bone remodeling. Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) can be produced by MSCs and have been linked to bone homeostasis. Therefore, ...[more]

PMID: 32169104

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Project description:This study investigates bone-tooth association under compression to identify strain amplified sites within the bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint. Our results indicate that the biomechanical response of the joint is due to a combinatorial response of the constitutive properties of organic, inorganic, and fluid components. Second maxillary molars within intact maxillae (N=8) of 5-month-old rats were loaded with a ?-XCT-compatible in situ loading device at various permutations of displacement rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm/min) and peak reactionary load responses (5, 10, 15, 20 N). Results indicated a nonlinear biomechanical response of the joint, in which the observed reactionary load rates were directly proportional to displacement rates (velocities). No significant differences in peak reactionary load rates at a displacement rate of 0.2mm/min were observed. However, for displacement rates greater than 0.2mm/min, an increasing trend in reactionary rate was observed for every peak reactionary load with significant increases at 2.0mm/min. Regardless of displacement rates, two distinct behaviors were identified with stiffness (S) and reactionary load rate (LR) values at a peak load of 5 N (S(5 N)=290-523 N/mm) being significantly lower than those at 10 N (LR(5 N)=1-10 N/s) and higher (S(10 N-20 N)=380-684 N/mm; LR(10 N-20 N)=1-19 N/s). Digital image correlation revealed the possibility of a screw-like motion of the tooth into the PDL-space, i.e., predominant vertical displacement of 35 ?m at 5 N, followed by a slight increase to 40 ?m at 10 N and 50 ?m at 20 N of the tooth and potential tooth rotation at loads above 10 N. Narrowed and widened PDL spaces as a result of tooth displacement indicated areas of increased apparent strains within the complex. We propose that such highly strained regions are "hot spots" that can potentiate local tissue adaptation under physiological loading and adverse tissue adaptation under pathological loading conditions.

Dataset Information

Mechanical load-induced H2S production by periodontal ligament stem cells activates M1 macrophages to promote bone remodeling and tooth movement via STAT1.

Publications

Mechanical load-induced H<sub>2</sub>S production by periodontal ligament stem cells activates M1 macrophages to promote bone remodeling and tooth movement via STAT1.

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