Dataset Information

Mental Health Disorders Associated with Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Large Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: Objective The main purpose of this article is to examine the prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of mental health disorders (MHDs) among patients with skull base malignancies. Design Retrospective cohort study. Settings/Participants Six-thousand seven-hundred sixty sinonasal/skull base cancer patients in the MarketScan database between 2005 and 2014. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of MHDs pre- and post-diagnosis in patients harboring sinonasal/skull base malignancies. Results A significant increase in MHDs was noted from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis (22 vs 31%, p < 0.0001). Despite an increase in the prevalence rate, the demographic profile of patients with MHDs post-diagnosis remained similar to pre-diagnosis. Those patients harboring MHDs were, however, more likely to be women (62.7 vs 47.4%), and carry a history of smoking (40.9 vs 26.3%) than those without MHDs. These comparisons were statistically significant ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion The prevalence of MHDs increases following a diagnosis of a sinonasal/skull base malignancy. Patients with MHDs were more likely to be women and smokers.

SUBMITTER: Lee JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7082165 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mental Health Disorders Associated with Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Large Cohort Study.

Lee Ji Hyae JH Zacharia Brad E BE Ba Djibril D Leslie Douglas D Liu Guodong G Goyal Neerav N

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base 20190319 2

Objective The main purpose of this article is to examine the prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of mental health disorders (MHDs) among patients with skull base malignancies. Design Retrospective cohort study. Settings/Participants Six-thousand seven-hundred sixty sinonasal/skull base cancer patients in the MarketScan database between 2005 and 2014. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of MHDs pre- and post-diagnosis in patients harbo ...[more]

PMID: 32206538

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Project description:BackgroundKhat (Catha edulis) is a plant commonly found in the horn of Africa whose leaves are chewed for their psycho-stimulant effects. Several studies have demonstrated the association between khat use and mental health problems. Nevertheless, evidence is mixed and inconsistent, warranting further review of available studies. This scoping review is aimed at investigating the content and quality of evidence base on the associations between khat use and mental health disorders and suggesting avenues for further research.MethodsWe used a scoping review methodology to map the existing evidence using PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Primary studies focusing on the association between any pattern of khat use and any form of mental health disorders are included. The review focused on all age groups, any study design, all geographical locations, and any publication year. The terms used for searching eligible studies include khat, mental disorders, and various alternative terminologies. Narrative review is employed to present findings.Results7,121 articles were found, of which 108 were eligible, conducted across 12 different countries. The majority of the studies was done during the last ten years and the studies mostly employed cross-sectional design. About 10 different categories of mental health disorders have been identified as showing associations with khat use. Despite many contradictory findings between the studies, most of the evidence base suggests that khat use is associated with mental health disorders. Non-specific psychological distress is the most frequently mentioned mental health problem (reported in 26.9% of the studies). Khat use as a predictor variable is mostly assessed using a 'yes/no' category, and as a result, dose-dependent effects of khat use on mental health are not given much consideration.ConclusionAlthough most of the studies associate khat use with mental health disorders, the causal relationships are inconclusive given the cross-sectional design of the studies, and the presence of potential confounders and several forms of biases. Available studies also report contradictory findings. Further studies are recommended using prospective designs, standardized and valid measures of khat use, and focusing on specific types of mental health disorders.

Project description:BackgroundThe earlier younger people begin to use drugs, the more vulnerable they become to both their short term and long-term harmful effects. The overall aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse, the socio-demographic characteristic, perception of abuse and associated economic indicators and mental disorders and how they inform potential intervention in a cohort of Kenyan students.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on a total of 9742 high school, college and university students. We used tools to document socio-demographic characteristics, economic indicators, drug and alcohol use and related perceptions and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) related psychiatric disorders. Basic descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations for numerical variables and frequencies for nominal and ordinal variables) were done. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association and odds ratios between the use of a given substance and the use of the other substances, as well as associations with the various available socio-demographic factors and economic indicators. Chi-squared tests were used in socio-economic characteristics disaggregated by current alcohol use.ResultsThe mean age was 21.4 ± 2.4; median = 21.3 (range 15-43) years. We found a wide range of different drugs of abuse. Alcohol abuse was the commonest and inhalants were the least, with different perceptions.Both alcohol and drug abuse were associated with various economic indicators and various mental disorders.ConclusionThis study has established for the first time in Kenya the multifaceted associations and predictors of alcohol and drug abuse in a cross-sectional student population ranging from high school to college and university levels. In the process, the study contributes to global data on the subject. These associations call for an integrated and multifaceted approach in addressing alcohol and substance abuse. This approach should take into account various associations and predictors as part of holistic approach in both public awareness and clinical interventions.

Dataset Information

Mental Health Disorders Associated with Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Large Cohort Study.

Publications

Mental Health Disorders Associated with Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Large Cohort Study.

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