Supporting Treatment Adherence Regimens in young children with epilepsy and their families: Trial design and baseline characteristics.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Modi AC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7089777 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Supporting Treatment Adherence Regimens in young children with epilepsy and their families: Trial design and baseline characteristics.
Modi Avani C AC Glauser Tracy A TA Guilfoyle Shanna M SM
Contemporary clinical trials 20200214
This article describes the methodology, recruitment, design, and baseline participant characteristics of the Supporting Treatment Adherence Regimens (STAR) trial. STAR is a randomized controlled clinical trial of an education and problem-solving adherence intervention for young children (2-12 years old) with newly diagnosed epilepsy and their families. Using an enrichment design, only participants who demonstrated non-adherence to anti-epileptic drugs within the baseline period were randomized t ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundFamilies with children under age six participating in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANF) must participate in work-related activities for 20 h per week. However, due to financial hardship, poor health, and exposure to violence and adversity, families may experience great difficulty in reaching self-sufficiency. The purpose of this report is to describe study design and baseline findings of a trauma-informed financial empowerment and peer support intervention meant to mitigate these hardships.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of a 28-week intervention called Building Wealth and Health Network to improve financial security and maternal and child health among caregivers participating in TANF. Participants, recruited from County Assistance offices in Philadelphia, PA, were randomized into two intervention groups (partial and full) and one control group. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline to assess career readiness, economic hardship, health and wellbeing, exposure to adversity and violence, and interaction with criminal justice systems.ResultsBaseline characteristics demonstrate that among 103 participants, there were no significant differences by group. Mean age of participants was 25 years, and youngest child was 30 months. The majority of participants were women (94.2 %), never married (83.5 %), unemployed (94.2 %), and without a bank account (66.0 %). Many reported economic hardship (32.0 % very low household food secure, 65.0 % housing insecure, and 31.1 % severe energy insecure), and depression (57.3 %). Exposure to adversity was prevalent, where 38.8 % reported four or more Adverse Childhood Experiences including abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. In terms of community violence, 64.7 % saw a seriously wounded person after an incident of violence, and 27.2 % had seen someone killed. Finally, 14.6 % spent time in an adult correctional institution, and 48.5 % of the fathers of the youngest child spent time in prison.ConclusionsBaseline findings demonstrate that caregivers participating in TANF have suffered significant childhood adversity, adult violence exposure, and poverty-related stressors that can limit workforce success. High prevalence of housing and food insecurity, exposure to adversity, violence and criminal justice systems demands comprehensive programming to support families. Trauma-informed approaches to career readiness such as the Building Wealth and Health Network offer opportunities for potential success in the workforce.Trial registrationThis study is retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. The Identifier is: NCT02577705 The Registration date is October 13, 2015.
| S-EPMC4947340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The primary aim was to examine the preliminary efficacy of a family tailored problem-solving intervention to improve antiepileptic drug (AED) adherence in families of children with new-onset epilepsy. Secondary aims were to assess changes in targeted mechanisms and treatment feasibility and acceptability. Fifty families (M(age) = 7.6 ± 3.0; 80% Caucasian; 42% idiopathic localization related) completed baseline questionnaires and were given an electronic monitor to observe daily AED adherence. If adherence was ? 95% in the first 7 months of the study, families were randomized (Supporting Treatment Adherence Regimens (STAR): n = 11; Treatment as Usual (TAU): n = 12). Twenty-one families were not randomized due to adherence being ?95%. The STAR intervention included four face-to-face and two telephone problem-solving sessions over 8 weeks. Significant group differences in adherence were found during active intervention (weeks 4-6; TAU = -12.0 vs. STAR = 18.1, p < 0.01; and weeks session 6-8: TAU = -9.7 vs. STAR = 15.3, p < 0.05). Children who received the STAR intervention exhibited improved adherence compared to children in the TAU group during active treatment. Significant changes in epilepsy knowledge and management were noted for the STAR group. Families expressed benefitting from the STAR intervention. Future studies should include a larger sample size and booster intervention sessions to maintain treatment effects over time.
| S-EPMC4783218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although often considered to be a disease of adults, complications of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) begin in childhood. While the hallmark of ADPKD is the development and continued growth of multiple renal cysts that ultimately result in loss of kidney function, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death among affected patients. Vascular dysfunction (endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffness) is evident very early in the course of the disease and appears to involve increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Treatment options to prevent cardiovascular disease in adults with ADPKD are limited, thus childhood may represent a key therapeutic window. Curcumin is a safe, naturally occurring polyphenol found in the Indian spice turmeric. This spice has a unique ability to activate transcription of key antioxidants, suppress inflammation, and reduce proliferation. Here we describe our ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to assess the effect of curcumin therapy on vascular function and kidney growth in 68 children and young adults age 6-25 years with ADPKD. Baseline demographic, vascular, and kidney volume data are provided. This study has the potential to establish a novel, safe, and facile therapy for the treatment of arterial dysfunction, and possibly renal cystic disease, in an understudied population of children and young adults with ADPKD.
| S-EPMC7691667 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:ScreenR2GDM is a pragmatic randomized clinical trial designed to investigate if one of two gestational diabetes (GDM) screening and treatment protocols results in improved outcomes in the context of standard clinical care. METHODS:Pregnant women are randomized to one of two GDM screening strategies: 1-step: 2-h, 75?g, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or 2-step: 1-h, 50?g glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by 3-h, 100?g OGTT if GCT-positive. Providers are prompted within the electronic medical record to order the assigned test but were given the option to order the alternate test. Collected data include maternal and pregnancy characteristics, GDM testing, and outcomes for mother and newborn. We describe the study design and baseline characteristics and evaluate characteristics associated with adhering to the randomized protocol. RESULTS:Baseline characteristics of the 23,792 randomized pregnancies were comparable between the two groups. Adherence to assigned test differed between the two strategies: 66.1% for 1-step and 91.7% for 2-step (p?<?.0001). 27% of the women randomized to receive the 1-step completed the 2-step test vs 2% randomized to the 2-step who completed the 1-step (p?<?.0001). Patient characteristics related to adherence included obesity, age, prior GDM, Medicaid insurance, race and nulliparity. Clinician characteristics related to adherence included provider type, age and gender. CONCLUSIONS:Both patient and provider characteristics were related to adherence to the randomized GDM screening protocol. Analytical techniques that incorporate these findings into the formal evaluation of the two protocols on GDM-associated outcomes will be necessary to account for potential biases introduced by non-adherence.
| S-EPMC6939663 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this study were to examine the continuity of adherence barriers across stages of development in pediatric epilepsy and to assess the differential influence of barriers on several important clinical outcomes from early childhood to young adulthood, including adherence, seizures, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHOD:A developmentally representative sample of youth 2-25years with epilepsy was obtained by combining data from five different studies. A total of 269 caregivers and 77 adolescents and young adults were included in this investigation. Participants completed measures of adherence barriers and HRQOL. An electronic monitoring system was used to assess adherence to the primary antiepileptic drug over 30days. The prevalence of individual barriers across development and their relative importance as predictors of clinical outcomes were examined. RESULTS:Adherence barriers are characterized by both continuity and discontinuity from early childhood to early adulthood. Barriers such as disliking the taste of medication, parent forgetfulness, and refusal to take medications were significantly more salient during certain developmental periods. No significant differences across age groups were found for other barriers, including difficulty getting to the pharmacy and embarrassment. Certain adherence barriers, such as running out of medications, were more important to particular clinical outcomes despite being low prevalence. Adherence barriers differentially predicted adherence, seizure control, and HRQOL based on developmental stage. CONCLUSION:Routine assessment of adherence barriers is imperative from toddlerhood to young adulthood given that the prevalence of barriers and their relative influence on important health outcomes vary by developmental stage. Adherence intervention efforts should be targeted, developmentally tailored, and focused on those barriers that are most predictive of poor outcomes for a given developmental period.
| S-EPMC6816538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To describe the design and baseline characteristics of participants in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) and to compare with cohorts from other retinal vein occlusion trials.Phase III prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to assess whether intravitreal bevacizumab is noninferior to intravitreal aflibercept for treatment of decreased vision attributable to macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).Total of 362 participants: 307 with CRVO and 55 with HRVO.Demographic and study eye characteristics are summarized and compared between CRVO and HRVO study participants.Baseline ophthalmic characteristics, including visual acuity and retinal thickness, and medical history characteristics, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease.The mean age of participants was 69 years, 76% of participants were white, and 90% were non-Hispanic. There was a racial disparity with respect to disease type, with 38% of HRVO patients being black compared with 11% of CRVO patients (P value adjusted for multiple testing = 0.0001). This is similar to findings from the previous SCORE Study. Comorbidities included hypertension (77%), diabetes mellitus (31%), and coronary artery disease (15%). At baseline, mean visual acuity letter score was 50 (20/100) (range, 19-73 [20/400 to 20/40]), mean optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured central subfield thickness was 678 ?m (range, 300-1203 ?m), and mean number of months from diagnosis of macular edema to randomization was 6 (range, 0-104 months). One hundred twenty (33%) SCORE2 participants had been treated previously with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, with these participants having baseline visual acuity letter score and OCT-measured central subfield thickness similar to those without prior anti-VEGF treatment, but longer mean duration of macular edema before randomization (18 months vs. 1 month for those without prior anti-VEGF treatment; P < 0.0001).The SCORE2 cohort is a heterogeneous population, including both CRVO and HRVO eyes and both treatment-naïve eyes and eyes treated previously with anti-VEGF, which will allow study results to have broad applicability to CRVO and HRVO patients receiving treatment for macular edema. Similarities of the baseline characteristics of the SCORE2 population to other CRVO trial cohorts will allow meaningful comparisons of outcome results across trials.
| S-EPMC5272814 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Calcium (Ca)-based phosphate (P) binders, compared to non-Ca-based P binders, contribute to vascular calcification, which is associated with cardiovascular events.The LANDMARK study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel comparative study of lanthanum carbonate (LC) and calcium carbonate (CC) in hemodialysis patients. Stable hemodialysis patients with intact parathyroid hormone ?240 pg/mL meeting ?1 of the following criteria (age >65 years, postmenopause, diabetes mellitus) were randomized into the LC and CC groups. LC group patients initially received LC 750 mg/day or the previously used dose and were titrated up to a maximum 2250 mg/day to achieve serum P levels of 3.5-6.0 mg/dL. CC group patients received CC 3 g/day or the previously used dose and were titrated to achieve the same P range. If the target serum P level was not achieved, non-Ca-based P binders (other than LC) could also be added. The primary endpoint is survival time free of cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and unstable angina.Overall, 2309 patients were allocated to the LC (N = 1154) or CC group (N = 1155). At baseline, the mean age was 68.4 years, 40.4 % were women, 55.9 % had diabetes, 18.3 % had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 13.9 % had cerebrovascular disease. A total of 184 patients (8.4 %) had undergone coronary intervention procedures. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups.The LANDMARK study will determine whether LC, a non-Ca-based P binder, reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients.
| S-EPMC5556131 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Observational studies have shown beneficial relationships between exercise and cognitive function. Some clinical trials have also demonstrated improvements in cognitive function in response to moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise; however, these have been limited by relatively small sample sizes and short durations. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is the largest and longest randomized controlled clinical trial of physical activity with cognitive outcomes, in older sedentary adults at increased risk for incident mobility disability. One LIFE Study objective is to evaluate the effects of a structured physical activity program on changes in cognitive function and incident all-cause mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Here, we present the design and baseline cognitive data. At baseline, participants completed the modified Mini Mental Status Examination, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Coding, Modified Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and a computerized battery, selected to be sensitive to changes in speed of processing and executive functioning. During follow up, participants completed the same battery, along with the Category Fluency for Animals, Boston Naming, and Trail Making tests. The description of the mild cognitive impairment/dementia adjudication process is presented here. Participants with worse baseline Short Physical Performance Battery scores (prespecified at ? 7) had significantly lower median cognitive test scores compared with those having scores of 8 or 9 with modified Mini Mental Status Examination score of 91 versus (vs) 93, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test delayed recall score of 7.4 vs 7.9, and Digit Symbol Coding score of 45 vs 48, respectively (all P<0.001). The LIFE Study will contribute important information on the effects of a structured physical activity program on cognitive outcomes in sedentary older adults at particular risk for mobility impairment. In addition to its importance in the area of prevention of cognitive decline, the LIFE Study will also likely serve as a model for exercise and other behavioral intervention trials in older adults.
| S-EPMC4154884 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimsHypertension (HT) has a significant impact on public health and medical expenses. However, HT is a chronic disease that requires the long-term follow-up of a large number of patients.MethodsThe Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) study aimed to develop a model for calculating cardiovascular risk in HT patients by linking and utilizing the detailed clinical and longitudinal data from hospitals and the national health insurance claim database, respectively. This cohort had a planned sample size of over 11,000 HT patients and 100,000 non-HT controls. Eligible patients were hypertensive patients, who were presenting for the first time and were diagnosed with HT as a main disease from 2006 to 2011. Long-term survival data over a period of approximately 9 years were obtained from the national health insurance claim and national health examination data.ResultsThis cohort enrolled 11,083 patients with HT. The mean age was 58.87 ± 11.5 years, 50.5% were male, and 31.4% were never-treated HT. Of the enrolled patients, 32.9% and 37.7% belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. Initial blood pressures were 149.4 ± 18.5/88.5 ± 12.5 mmHg. During the 2 years hospital data follow-up period, blood pressures lowered to 130.8 ± 14.1/78.0 ± 9.7 mmHg with 1.9 ± 1.0 tablet doses of antihypertensive medication. Cardiovascular events occurred in 7.5% of the overall patients; 8.5%, 8.8%, and 4.7% in the high, moderate, and low risk patients, respectively.ConclusionThe KHC study has provided important information on the long-term outcomes of HT patients according to the blood pressure, comorbid diseases, medication, and adherence, as well as health behaviors and health resource use.
| S-EPMC8435490 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The number of persons infected by HIV/AIDS has consistently increased in Korea since the first case of HIV/AIDS infection in 1985 and reached 15,208 by 2016. About 1,100 new patients with HIV/ AIDS infections have emerged every year since 2013. In Korea, the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study was established for the evidenced-based prevention, treatment, and effective management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in December 2006. This study monitored 1,438 patients, who accounted for about 10% of all patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea, for 10 years with the following aims: (1) to develop an administrative system for the establishment of a HIV/AIDS cohort-based study; (2) to standardize methodologies and the case report forms; and (3) to standardize multi-cohort data and develop a data cleaning method. This study aims to monitor at least 1,000 patients (excluding those for whom investigation had been completed) per year (estimated number of patients who can be monitored by January 2018: 939). By December 2016, the sex distribution was 93.3% for men, and 6.7% for women (gender ratio, 13.9:1.0), and 98.9% of all participants were Korean. More than 50.0% of the participants were confirmed as HIV positive after 2006. This study reports competitive, long-term research that aimed to develop policies for the prevention of chronic infectious diseases for patients with HIV. The data collected over the last decade will be used to develop indices for HIV treatment and health promotion.
| S-EPMC6178365 | biostudies-literature