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Origins of major human infectious diseases.


ABSTRACT: Many of the major human infectious diseases, including some now confined to humans and absent from animals, are 'new' ones that arose only after the origins of agriculture. Where did they come from? Why are they overwhelmingly of Old World origins? Here we show that answers to these questions are different for tropical and temperate diseases; for instance, in the relative importance of domestic animals and wild primates as sources. We identify five intermediate stages through which a pathogen exclusively infecting animals may become transformed into a pathogen exclusively infecting humans. We propose an initiative to resolve disputed origins of major diseases, and a global early warning system to monitor pathogens infecting individuals exposed to wild animals.

SUBMITTER: Wolfe ND 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7095142 | biostudies-literature | 2007 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Origins of major human infectious diseases.

Wolfe Nathan D ND   Dunavan Claire Panosian CP   Diamond Jared J  

Nature 20070501 7142


Many of the major human infectious diseases, including some now confined to humans and absent from animals, are 'new' ones that arose only after the origins of agriculture. Where did they come from? Why are they overwhelmingly of Old World origins? Here we show that answers to these questions are different for tropical and temperate diseases; for instance, in the relative importance of domestic animals and wild primates as sources. We identify five intermediate stages through which a pathogen ex  ...[more]

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