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IL-33 and ST2 as predictors of disease severity in children with viral acute lower respiratory infection.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Mechanisms influencing severity of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children are not established. We aimed to assess the role of inflammatory markers and respiratory viruses in ALRI severity. METHODS:Concentrations of interleukin(IL)-33, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST)2, IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor ?, IL-4, IL-6 and IL- 8 and types of respiratory viruses were evaluated in children at the first and fifth days after hospital admission. Disease severity was defined as need for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS:Seventy-nine children <5 years-old were included; 33(41.8%) received mechanical ventilation. No associations between virus type, viral load or co-detections and severity of disease were observed. Detection of IL-33 and sST2 in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) on admission were associated with higher risk for mechanical ventilation (RR = 2.89 and RR = 4.57, respectively). IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were higher on Day 5 in mechanically ventilated children. IL-6 NPA concentrations decreased from Day 1 to Day 5 in children who did not receive mechanical ventilation. Increase in sST2 NPA concentrations from Day 1 to Day 5 was associated with longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:An exacerbated local activation of the IL-33/ST2 axis and persistently high sST2 concentrations over time were associated with severity of viral ALRI in children.

SUBMITTER: Portugal CAA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7129023 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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IL-33 and ST2 as predictors of disease severity in children with viral acute lower respiratory infection.

Portugal Carolina Augusta Arantes CAA de Araújo Castro Ítalo Í Prates Mirela Cristina Moreira MCM Gagliardi Talita Bianca TB Martins Ronaldo Bragança RB de Jesus Bruna Laís Santos BLS de Souza Cardoso Ricardo R da Silva Marcus Vinícius Gomes MVG Aragon Davi Casale DC Arruda Neto Eurico E Alves Filho José Carlos Farias JCF Cunha Fernando de Queiroz FQ Carlotti Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri APCP

Cytokine 20200103

<h4>Background</h4>Mechanisms influencing severity of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children are not established. We aimed to assess the role of inflammatory markers and respiratory viruses in ALRI severity.<h4>Methods</h4>Concentrations of interleukin(IL)-33, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST)2, IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL- 8 and types of respiratory viruses were evaluated in children at the first and fifth days after hospital admission. Disease seve ...[more]

PMID: 31901762

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Project description:Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in barrier sites, acting via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). IL-33/ST2 axis has long been known to play a pivotal role in immunity and cell homeostasis by promoting wound healing and tissue repair. However, it is also involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration lead to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. The aim of the current review is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in organ fibrosis. The role of the axis in tissue remodeling is better understood considering its crucial role reported in organ development and regeneration. Generally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has mainly anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative effects; however, chronic tissue injury is responsible for pro-fibrogenetic responses. Regarding pulmonary fibrosis mature IL-33 enhances pro-fibrogenic type 2 cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner, while full-length IL-33 is also implicated in the pulmonary fibrotic process in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent fashion. In liver fibrosis, evidence indicate that when acute and massive liver damage occurs, the release of IL-33 might act as an activator of tissue-protective mechanisms, while in cases of chronic injury IL-33 plays the role of a hepatic fibrotic factor. IL-33 signaling has also been involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, IL-33 could be used as an early marker for ulcer-associated activated fibroblasts and myofibroblast trans-differentiation; thus one cannot rule out its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated fibrosis. Similarly, the upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 axismay contribute to tubular cell injury and fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of various cell types in the kidneys. Of note, IL-33 exerts a cardioprotective role via ST2 signaling, while soluble ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, IL-33 is a crucial cytokine in skin pathology responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration and morphologic differentiation of human endothelial cells. Overall, emerging data support a novel contribution of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue fibrosis and highlight the significant role of the Th2 pattern of immune response in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.

Dataset Information

IL-33 and ST2 as predictors of disease severity in children with viral acute lower respiratory infection.

Publications

IL-33 and ST2 as predictors of disease severity in children with viral acute lower respiratory infection.

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