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Norpsilocin: freebase and fumarate salt.

ABSTRACT: The solid-state structures of the naturally occurring psychoactive tryptamine norpsilocin {4-hy-droxy-N-methyl-tryptamine (4-HO-NMT); systematic name: 3-[2-(methyl-amino)-eth-yl]-1H-indol-4-ol}, C11H14N2O, and its fumarate salt (4-hy-droxy-N-methyl-tryptammonium fumarate; systematic name: bis-{[2-(4-hy-droxy-1H-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]methyl-aza-nium} but-2-enedioate), C11H15N2O+·0.5C4H2O4 2-, are reported. The freebase of 4-HO-NMT has a single mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit joined together by N-H?O and O-H?O hydrogen bonds in a two-dimensional network parallel to the (100) plane. The ethyl-amine arm of the tryptamine is modeled as a two-component disorder with a 0.895?(3) to 0.105?(3) occupancy ratio. The fumarate salt of 4-HO-NMT crystallizes with a tryptammonium cation and one half of a fumarate dianion in the asymmetric unit. The ions are joined together by N-H?O and O-H?O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional framework, as well as ?-? stacking between the six-membered rings of inversion-related indoles (symmetry operation: 2 - x, 1 - y, 2 - z).

SUBMITTER: Chadeayne AR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7133046 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Norpsilocin: freebase and fumarate salt.

Chadeayne Andrew R AR Pham Duyen N K DNK Golen James A JA Manke David R DR

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications 20200327 Pt 4

The solid-state structures of the naturally occurring psychoactive tryptamine norpsilocin {4-hy-droxy-N-methyl-tryptamine (4-HO-NMT); systematic name: 3-[2-(methyl-amino)-eth-yl]-1H-indol-4-ol}, C11H14N2O, and its fumarate salt (4-hy-droxy-N-methyl-tryptammonium fumarate; systematic name: bis-{[2-(4-hy-droxy-1H-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]methyl-aza-nium} but-2-enedioate), C11H15N2O+·0.5C4H< ...[more]

PMID: 32280510

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Project description:Food fortification is a powerful strategy to reach large populations with multiple micronutrients added to a single food vehicle. The impact depends on the sustained provision and utilization of adequately fortified food by a large population (mainly in low-income and food-insecure settings). We apply a value chain (VC) analysis framework to diagnose and address the barriers to the uptake of encapsulated ferrous fumarate double fortified salt (DFS) distributed through public-sector-led DFS interventions in India.We adapt the VC requirements framework proposed by Henson and Humphrey to identify and categorize barriers along the DFS VC as technological, market-related, and policy-related. We conducted a desk review of published and unpublished literature on DFS and information available in the public domain, semi-structured interviews with VC stakeholders from the private sector, program data from implementing organizations, and participation in multistakeholder consultations on DFS.Major supply-side barriers were under-developed private markets, inconsistent demand from public markets, unpredictable returns-on-investments, and inadequate business incentives to invest in DFS. The product's weak consumer orientation, uncreated consumer demand, low awareness of fortified foods, inadequate nutrition signaling were significant demand-side barriers. Technological barriers related to the requirement of high-grade salt for DFS production and residual organoleptic property of mild discoloration of food. Policy barriers related to inadequate and irregular financing for distributing subsidized DFS through the public distribution system; insufficient policy support for risk-sharing and managing costs associated with fortification; and a weak institutional environment for sustaining DFS interventions.Building an enabling institutional environment, demand creation through consumer awareness, strengthening institutional markets through public financing, managing cost and risks through public-private partnerships, and assuring quality during commercial scale-up are critical interventions necessary to ensure impact at scale.

Dataset Information

Norpsilocin: freebase and fumarate salt.

Publications

Norpsilocin: freebase and fumarate salt.

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