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Downregulation of SFRP1 is a protumorigenic event in hepatoblastoma and correlates with beta-catenin mutations.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Hepatoblastoma (HB) and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common malignant liver tumors in childhood. Both tumor types exhibit genetic and epigenetic alterations in the WNT/?-catenin signaling pathway, which is a key regulator of liver progenitor cells in embryonic development. The tumors demonstrate a high rate of ?-catenin mutations and gene expression changes of several WNT antagonists. However, the role of the WNT inhibitory factor secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) has not been addressed in pediatric liver cancer so far. RESULTS:In our study, we investigated the gene expression level, DNA methylation status and functional relevance of SFRP1 in HB cell lines and in pediatric liver tumor patient samples. SFRP1 was downregulated due to DNA promoter methylation in all tested HB cell lines. Overexpression of SFRP1 in HB cell lines diminished tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and migration potential. In addition, the SFRP1-expressing HB cell lines showed reduced WNT/?-catenin signaling pathway activity and decreased expression of WNT target genes. To evaluate the utility of SFRP1 as a biomarker in pediatric liver cancer, we determined the gene expression level and DNA methylation status of SFRP1 in 45 pediatric liver tumor patient samples. The correlation analysis of different clinical parameters and tumor characteristics revealed a significant correlation of reduced SFRP1 expression with the presence of mutant ?-catenin. The methylation status of SFRP1 was furthermore associated to a pediatric liver tumor type with HCC-like characteristics, TERT mutations and an older age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION:Altogether, our data demonstrate that the epigenetic suppression of the WNT/?-catenin antagonist SFRP1 has an important impact on the malignant behavior of HB cells. Although SFRP1 methylation is a common event in HCC-like pediatric liver tumors, its potential as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker needs to be further investigated.

SUBMITTER: Regel I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7142044 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Downregulation of SFRP1 is a protumorigenic event in hepatoblastoma and correlates with beta-catenin mutations.

Regel Ivonne I Eichenmüller Melanie M Mahajan Ujjwal Mukund UM Hagl Beate B Benitz Simone S Häberle Beate B Vokuhl Christian C von Schweinitz Dietrich D Kappler Roland R

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 20200318 5

<h4>Background</h4>Hepatoblastoma (HB) and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common malignant liver tumors in childhood. Both tumor types exhibit genetic and epigenetic alterations in the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is a key regulator of liver progenitor cells in embryonic development. The tumors demonstrate a high rate of β-catenin mutations and gene expression changes of several WNT antagonists. However, the role of the WNT inhibitory factor secreted frizzled-rel ...[more]

PMID: 32189106

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Project description:Background & aimsβ-catenin is a well-known effector of the Wnt pathway, and a key player in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Oncogenic mutations of β-catenin are very frequent in paediatric liver primary tumours. Those mutations are mostly heterozygous, which allows the co-expression of wild-type (WT) and mutated β-catenins in tumour cells. We investigated the interplay between WT and mutated β-catenins in liver tumour cells, and searched for new actors of the β-catenin pathway.MethodsUsing an RNAi strategy in β-catenin-mutated hepatoblastoma (HB) cells, we dissociated the structural and transcriptional activities of β-catenin, which are carried mainly by WT and mutated proteins, respectively. Their impact was characterised using transcriptomic and functional analyses. We studied mice that develop liver tumours upon activation of β-catenin in hepatocytes (APCKO and β-cateninΔexon3 mice). We used transcriptomic data from mouse and human HB specimens, and used immunohistochemistry to analyse samples.ResultsWe highlighted an antagonistic role of WT and mutated β-catenins with regard to hepatocyte differentiation, as attested by alterations in the expression of hepatocyte markers and the formation of bile canaliculi. We characterised fascin-1 as a transcriptional target of mutated β-catenin involved in tumour cell differentiation. Using mouse models, we found that fascin-1 is highly expressed in undifferentiated tumours. Finally, we found that fascin-1 is a specific marker of primitive cells including embryonal and blastemal cells in human HBs.ConclusionsFascin-1 expression is linked to a loss of differentiation and polarity of hepatocytes. We present fascin-1 as a previously unrecognised factor in the modulation of hepatocyte differentiation associated with β-catenin pathway alteration in the liver, and as a new potential target in HB.Impact and implicationsThe FSCN1 gene, encoding fascin-1, was reported to be a metastasis-related gene in various cancers. Herein, we uncover its expression in poor-prognosis hepatoblastomas, a paediatric liver cancer. We show that fascin-1 expression is driven by the mutated beta-catenin in liver tumour cells. We provide new insights on the impact of fascin-1 expression on tumour cell differentiation. We highlight fascin-1 as a marker of immature cells in mouse and human hepatoblastomas.

Project description:Background & aimsAberrant activation of β-catenin and Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) signaling pathways have been associated with the development of multiple tumor types. Yap functions as a transcriptional coactivator by interacting with TEA domain DNA binding proteins. We investigated the interactions among these pathways during hepatic tumorigenesis.MethodsWe used immunohistochemical analysis to determine expression of β-catenin and Yap1 in liver cancer specimens collected from patients in Europe and the United States, consisting of 104 hepatocellular carcinoma, 62 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 94 hepatoblastoma samples. We assessed β-catenin and Yap1 signaling and interactions in hepatoblastoma cell lines ((HuH6, HepG2, HepT1, HC-AFW1, HepG2, and HC-AFW1); proteins were knocked down with small interfering RNAs, and effects on proliferation and cell death were measured. Sleeping beauty-mediated hydrodynamic transfection was used to overexpress constitutively active forms of β-catenin (ΔN90/β-catenin) and Yap1 (YapS127A) in livers of mice; tissues were collected, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.ResultsWe observed nuclear localization of β-catenin and Yap1 in 79% of hepatoblastoma samples but not in most hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma samples. Yap1 and β-catenin coprecipitated in hepatoblastoma but not hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Yap1 or β-catenin in hepatoblastoma cells reduced proliferation in an additive manner. Knockdown of Yap1 reduced its ability to coactivate transcription with β-catenin; β-catenin inhibitors inactivated Yap1. Overexpression of constitutively active forms of Yap1 and β-catenin in mouse liver led to rapid tumorigenesis, with 100% mortality by 11 weeks. Tumor cells expressed both proteins, and human hepatoblastoma cells expressed common targets of their 2 signaling pathways. Yap1 binding of TEA domain factors was required for tumorigenesis in mice.Conclusionsβ-catenin and the transcriptional regulator Yap1 interact physically and are activated in most human hepatoblastoma tissues; overexpression of activated forms of these proteins in livers of mice leads to rapid tumor development. Further analysis of these mice will allow further studies of these pathways in hepatoblastoma pathogenesis and could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.

Project description:BackgroundAccumulating studies have shown that La-related protein 1 (LARP1) is involved in the occurrence and development of various tumours. However, the expression pattern and biological role of LARP1 in hepatoblastoma (HB) remain unclear so far.MethodsLARP1 expression level in HB and adjacent normal liver tissues was analysed by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays. The prognostic significance of LARP1 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were implemented to clarify the biological effects of LARP1 on HB cells. Mechanistically, the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation and circCLNS1A in LARP1 expression were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunofluorescence, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and protein stability assays. Moreover, RNA-sequencing, co-IP, RIP, mRNA stability and poly(A)-tail length assays were performed to investigate the association between LARP1 and DKK4. The expression and diagnostic significance of plasma DKK4 protein in multi-centre cohorts were evaluated by ELISA and ROC curves.ResultsLARP1 mRNA and protein levels were remarkably elevated in HB tissues and associated with worse prognosis of HB patients. LARP1 knockdown abolished cell proliferation, triggered cell apoptosis in vitro as well as prohibited tumour growth in vivo, whereas LARP1 overexpression incited HB progression. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of LARP1 Ser672 by O-GlcNAc transferase strengthened its binding to circCLNS1A and then protected LARP1 from TRIM-25-mediated ubiquitination and proteolysis. LARP1 upregulation subsequently led to DKK4 mRNA stabilisation by competitively interacting with PABPC1 to prevent DKK4 mRNA from B-cell translocation gene 2-dependent deadenylation and degradation, thus facilitating β-catenin protein expression and nuclear import.ConclusionThis study indicates that upregulated protein level of O-GlcNAcylated LARP1 mediated by circCLNS1A promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of HB through LARP1/DKK4/β-catenin axis. Hence, LARP1 and DKK4 are promising therapeutical target and diagnostic/prognostic plasma biomarker for HB.

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Downregulation of SFRP1 is a protumorigenic event in hepatoblastoma and correlates with beta-catenin mutations.

Publications

Downregulation of SFRP1 is a protumorigenic event in hepatoblastoma and correlates with beta-catenin mutations.

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