Long-Term Recreational Football Training and Health in Aging.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Imperlini E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7143141 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Long-Term Recreational Football Training and Health in Aging.
Imperlini Esther E Mancini Annamaria A Orrù Stefania S Vitucci Daniela D Di Onofrio Valeria V Gallè Francesca F Valerio Giuliana G Salvatore Giuliana G Liguori Giorgio G Buono Pasqualina P Alfieri Andreina A
International journal of environmental research and public health 20200321 6
This narrative review aims to critically analyze the effects of exercise on health in aging. Here we discuss the main clinical and biomolecular modifications induced by long-term recreational football training in older subjects. In particular, the effects induced by long-term recreational football training on cardiovascular, metabolic and musculo-skeletal fitness, together with the modifications in the muscle expression of hallmarks related to oxidative metabolism, DNA repair and senescence supp ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Several hallmarks of aging have been identified and examined separately in previous exercise studies. For the first time, this study investigates the effect of lifelong regular exercise in humans on two of the central aging hallmarks combined. This cross-sectional study involved 129 healthy, non-smoking women, including young elite football players (YF, n = 29), young untrained controls (YC, n = 30), elderly team handball players (EH, n = 35) and elderly untrained controls (EC, n = 35). From a resting blood sample, mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated and sorted into monocytes and lymphocytes. Telomere length, mitochondrial (mtDNA) copy number and key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function (PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression) were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Overall, young women showed significantly longer telomeres and higher PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression, but lower mtDNA copy number compared to elderly subjects. A multivariate analysis showed that YF had 22-24% longer telomeres in lymphocytes and MNCs compared to YC. In addition, YF showed 19-20% higher mtDNA copy number in lymphocytes and MNCs compared to YC. The two young groups did not differ in PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression. EH showed 14% lower mtDNA copy number in lymphocytes compared to EC, but 3.4-fold higher lymphocyte PGC-1α expression compared to EC. In MNCs, EH also showed 1.4-1.6-fold higher PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression. The two elderly groups did not differ in telomere length. Elite football training and lifelong team handball training are associated with anti-aging mechanisms in leukocytes in women, including maintenance of telomere length and superior mitochondrial characteristics.
| S-EPMC8175448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceExposure to repetitive head impacts from playing American football (including impacts resulting in symptomatic concussions and subconcussive trauma) is associated with increased risk for later-life health problems, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric decline and neurodegenerative disease. Most research on long-term health consequences of playing football has focused on former professional athletes, with limited studies of former college players.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of self-reported health conditions among former college football players compared with a sample of men in the general population as well as standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) among former college football players.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study included data from 447 former University of Notre Dame (ND) football players aged 59 to 75 years who were seniors on the rosters from 1964 to 1980. A health outcomes survey was distributed to living players and next of kin of deceased players for whom contact information was available. The survey was completed from December 2018 to May 2019.ExposureParticipation in football at ND.Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence of health outcomes was compared between living former players who completed the survey and propensity score-matched participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Standardized mortality ratios of all causes and specific causes of death among all former players were compared with those among men in the general US population.ResultsA total of 216 living players completed the health survey (median age, 67 years; IQR, 63-70 years) and were compared with 638 participants in the HRS (median age, 66 years; IQR, 63-70 years). Former players reported a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (10 [5%] vs 8 [1%]; P = .02), headaches (22 [10%] vs 22 [4%]; P = .001), cardiovascular disease (70 [33%] vs 128 [20%]; P = .001), hypercholesterolemia (111 [52%] vs 182 [29%]; P = .001), and alcohol use (185 [86%] vs 489 [77%]; P = .02) and a lower prevalence of diabetes (24 [11%] vs 146 [23%]; P = .001). All-cause mortality (SMR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42-0.67) and mortality from heart (SMR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.39-0.99), circulatory (SMR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.03-0.83), respiratory (SMR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.00-0.70), and digestive system (SMR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.00-0.74) disorders; lung cancer (SMR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.05-0.77); and violence (SMR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.00-0.58) were significantly lower in the ND cohort than in the general population. Mortality from brain and other nervous system cancers was significantly higher in the ND cohort (SMR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.04-9.77). Whereas point estimates were greater for all neurodegenerative causes (SMR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.29-4.18), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SMR, 2.93; 95% CI, 0.36-10.59), and Parkinson disease (SMR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.05-11.55), the difference did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of former college football players, both positive and negative health outcomes were observed. With more than 800 000 former college players living in the US, additional research appears to be needed to provide stakeholders with guidance to maximize factors that improve health outcomes and minimize factors that may increase risk for later-life morbidity and mortality.
| S-EPMC9021915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceStudies of the longevity of professional American football players have demonstrated lower mortality relative to the general population but they may have been susceptible to selection bias.ObjectiveTo examine the association between career participation in professional American football and mortality risk in retirement.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective cohort study involving 3812 retired US National Football League (NFL) players who debuted in the NFL between 1982 and 1992, including regular NFL players (n = 2933) and NFL "replacement players" (n = 879) who were temporarily hired to play during a 3-game league-wide player strike in 1987. Follow-up ended on December 31, 2016.ExposuresNFL participation as a career player or as a replacement player.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality by December 31, 2016. Cox proportional hazards models were estimated to compare the observed number of years from age 22 years until death (or censoring), adjusted for birth year, body mass index, height, and position played. Information on player death and cause of death was ascertained from a search of the National Death Index and web-based sources.ResultsOf the 3812 men included in this study (mean [SD] age at first NFL activity, 23.4 [1.5] years), there were 2933 career NFL players (median NFL tenure, 5 seasons [interquartile range {IQR}, 2-8]; median follow-up, 30 years [IQR, 27-33]) and 879 replacement players (median NFL tenure, 1 season [IQR, 1-1]; median follow-up, 31 years [IQR, 30-33]). At the end of follow-up, 144 NFL players (4.9%) and 37 replacement players (4.2%) were deceased (adjusted absolute risk difference, 1.0% [95% CI, -0.7% to 2.7%]; P = .25). The adjusted mortality hazard ratio for NFL players relative to replacements was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.99; P = .09). Among career NFL players, the most common causes of death were cardiometabolic disease (n = 51; 35.4%), transportation injuries (n = 20; 13.9%), unintentional injuries (n = 15; 10.4%), and neoplasms (n = 15; 10.4%). Among NFL replacement players, the leading causes of death were cardiometabolic diseases (n = 19; 51.4%), self-harm and interpersonal violence (n = 5; 13.5%), and neoplasms (n = 4; 10.8%).Conclusions and relevanceAmong NFL football players who began their careers between 1982 and 1992, career participation in the NFL, compared with limited NFL exposure obtained primarily as an NFL replacement player during a league-wide strike, was not associated with a statistically significant difference in long-term all-cause mortality. Given the small number of events, analysis of longer periods of follow-up may be informative.
| S-EPMC5838566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Individual and societal factors influencing the formation of long-term recreational exercise habits during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are not well explored. Using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (LSAY), a population-representative cohort study of Young People followed from age 15 to 25, we aimed to (1) model longitudinal recreational exercise trajectories from age 16 to 24, (2) examine predictors at age 15 of entering these trajectories, and (3) explore the association between the trajectories and health, mental health and educational achievement outcomes measured at the final study wave (age 25). Self-reported recreational exercise frequency data from 9353 LSAY participants were analysed using group-based trajectory modelling. We modelled the evolution of two patterns of recreational exercise behaviour: daily exercise, as per public health guidelines (Model 1); and at least once weekly exercise (Model 2). Model 1 trajectories were guideline-adherent exercisers (17.9% of the sample), never guideline exercisers (27.5%), guideline drop-outs (15.2%) and towards guideline (39.4%); Model 2 trajectories were weekly exercise (69.5% of the sample), decreasing (17.4%), increasing (4.8%), and infrequent (8.3%). For both models, at age 15, trajectory membership was predicted by gender, self-efficacy, time spent participating in sport, time spent watching TV, parental socioeconomic status, and academic literacy. At age 25, people in the guideline-adherent exerciser trajectory (model 1) reported better general health relative to other trajectories, Those in the weekly exerciser trajectory (model 2) had better general health and reduced rates of psychological distress, were happier with life and were more optimistic for the future relative to participants in less than weekly trajectory groups. Exercise-promoting interventions for Young People should specifically address the needs of females, people with low self-efficacy, reluctant exercisers, higher academic achievers, and those experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage.
| S-EPMC10956783 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over 20 million archival tissue samples are stored annually in the United States as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks, but only recently has whole-genome expression profiling from these samples become technically feasible. Here, we introduce novel general methods for assessing, summarizing, and visualizing expression data quality from archival samples. We validated these methods in technical study of 144 clinical breast cancer and autopsy samples and in an overview of all current publicly available FFPE whole-genome expression data. We additionally performed a case study incorporating over 1,000 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples collected from patients across the United States over a period of more than 25 years, integrating clinicopathological information, tumor molecular data, and archival tissue gene expression on an unparalleled scale. Both large-scale clinical studies presented a much greater range of data quality than previous smaller studies, emphasizing the need for rigorous quality control in translational applications of archival tissue gene expression profiling. This series includes 1,003 FFPE-preserved CRC tumors, assayed by Illumina HumanRef-v3 WG-DASL microarray.
2012-10-02 | E-GEOD-32651 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Little is known about how recreational triathletes prepare for an Olympic distance event. The aim of this study was to identify the training characteristics of recreational-level triathletes within the competition period and assess how their preparation for a triathlon influences their health and their levels of fatigue. During the 6 weeks prior to, and the 2 weeks after, an Olympic distance triathlon, nine recreational athletes (five males, four females) completed a daily training log. Participants answered the Daily Analysis of Life Demands Questionnaire (DALDA), the Training Distress Scale (TDS) and the Alberta Swim Fatigue and Health Questionnaire weekly. The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (REST-Q) was completed at the beginning of the study, on the day before the competition, and at the end of week 8. Training loads were calculated using session-based rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). The data from every week of training was compared to week 1 to determine how athletes' training and health changed throughout the study. No changes in training loads, duration or training intensity distribution were seen in the weeks leading up to the competition. Training duration was significantly reduced in week 6 (p = 0.041, d = 1.58, 95% CI = 6.9, 421.9), while the number of sessions was reduced in week 6 (Z = 2.32, p = 0.02, ES = 0.88) and week 7 (Z = 2.31, p = 0.02, ES = 0.87). Training was characterized by large weekly variations in training loads and a high training intensity. No significant changes were seen in the DALDA, TDS or REST-Q questionnaire scores throughout the 8 weeks. Despite large spikes in training load and a high overall training intensity, these recreational-level triathletes were able to maintain their health in the 6 weeks of training prior to an Olympic distance triathlon.
| S-EPMC8309729 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We used a custom-designed microarray and qPCR to characterize the persistent transcriptional response to long-term habituation training in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Aplysia were exposed to either 3 days of spaced long-term habituation training (10 rounds of stimulation/day; each round = 15 min brushing at a 10s ISI; 15 min rest between rounds); a matched set of controls was not exposed to any brushing (n = 8/group). While reflex responsiveness remained stable in controls, trained animals exhibited a large reduction in siphon-withdrawal duration that was evident at stimulation sites across the entire dorsal surface of the body (head, tail, and siphon). This habituation was retained for at least 24 hours after the end of training. Immediately after 24 hour retention tests, pleural ganglia were harvested from each trained animal and its matched control. The pleural ganglia contain the VC nociceptors, which we confirmed are activated by the brush stimulus used to produce habituation. Microarray analysis from 8 biological replicates suggests that long-term habituation training persistently regulates 21 transcripts. We used qPCR to test a subset of these transcripts and found persistent regulation of an putative Aplysia cornichon homolog. Between-subjects comparison of a trained animal to a matched control (matching based on duration of pre-test responsiveness). Conducted with 8 biological replicates, meaning 8 arrays, each comparing 1 trained and 1 matched control.
2014-07-16 | E-GEOD-59448 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We used a custom-designed microarray and qPCR to characterize the rapid transcriptional response to long-term sensitization training in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Aplysia were exposed to repeated noxious shocks to one side of the body (4 ten-second shocks at 90mA, 30 min ISI), a procedure known to induce a transcription-dependent and long-lasting increase in reflex responsiveness that is restricted to the side of training. One hour after training, pleural ganglia from the trained and untrained sides of the body were harvested; these ganglia contain the sensory nociceptors which help mediate the expression of long-term sensitization memory. Â Microarray analysis from 8 biological replicates suggests that long-term sensitization training rapidly regulates at least 102 transcripts. We used qPCR to test a subset of these transcripts and found that 86% were confirmed in the same samples, and 83% of these were again confirmed in an independent sample (n = 9 animals). Thus, our new microarray design shows very strong convergent and predictive validity for analyzing the transcriptional correlates of memory in Aplysia. Fully validated transcripts include some previously identified as regulated in this paradigm (ApC/EBP and ApEgr) but also include novel findings. Specifically, we show that long-term sensitization training rapidly up-regulates the expression of transcripts which encode a C/EBP gamma, a glycine transporter, and a vacuolar-protein-sorting-associated protein. Within-subjects comparison of trained (Cy5) to untrained (Cy3) pleural ganglia with 8 biological replicates. Each replicate is a trained sample from two animals (right and left trained) and each untrained sample is from the same two aniamls (right and left untrained)
2014-05-08 | E-GEOD-57458 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We used a custom-designed microarray and qPCR to characterize the transcriptional response that persists 7 days after long-term sensitization training in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a time-point at which recall has decayed but savings memory is still possible to induce. Aplysia were exposed to a 1-day unilateral LTS training protocol (4 rounds of noxious shock at 30 min intervals, each shock 10s of 1/2s off 1/2on 90mA 60-hz biphasic square-wave shock). Training produced robust sensitization in all animals (measured as an increase in T-SWR response from baseline to 24h after training). One week (7 days) after training, animals were again post-tested, and showed little-to-no evidence of recall (average change from baseline = -4% on the trained side, -4% on the untrained side). Pleural ganglia were then harvested. Samples from a left-trained and right-trained animal were combined to smooth out lateralized gene expression. The pleural ganglia contains the VC nociceptors, which are thought to play a primary role in expressing LTS memory.
2017-06-08 | GSE99792 | GEO
Project description:We used a custom-designed microarray and qPCR to characterize the rapid transcriptional response to long-term sensitization training in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Aplysia were exposed to repeated noxious shocks to one side of the body (4 ten-second shocks at 90mA, 30 min ISI), a procedure known to induce a transcription-dependent and long-lasting increase in reflex responsiveness that is restricted to the side of training. One hour after training, pleural ganglia from the trained and untrained sides of the body were harvested; these ganglia contain the sensory nociceptors which help mediate the expression of long-term sensitization memory. Microarray analysis from 8 biological replicates suggests that long-term sensitization training rapidly regulates at least 102 transcripts. We used qPCR to test a subset of these transcripts and found that 86% were confirmed in the same samples, and 83% of these were again confirmed in an independent sample (n = 9 animals). Thus, our new microarray design shows very strong convergent and predictive validity for analyzing the transcriptional correlates of memory in Aplysia. Fully validated transcripts include some previously identified as regulated in this paradigm (ApC/EBP and ApEgr) but also include novel findings. Specifically, we show that long-term sensitization training rapidly up-regulates the expression of transcripts which encode a C/EBP gamma, a glycine transporter, and a vacuolar-protein-sorting-associated protein.
2014-05-08 | GSE57458 | GEO