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Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement.

ABSTRACT: Weak measurement (WM) with state pre- and post-selection can amplify otherwise undetectable small signals and thus has potential in precision measurement applications. Although frequency measurements offer the hitherto highest precision due to the stable narrow atomic transitions, it remains a long-standing interest to develop new schemes to further escalate their performance. Here, we demonstrate a WM-enhanced correlation spectroscopy technique capable of narrowing the resonance linewidth down to 0.1?Hz in a room-temperature atomic vapour cell. The potential of this technique for precision measurement is demonstrated through weak magnetic-field sensing. By judiciously pre- and post-selecting frequency-modulated input and output optical states in a nearly orthogonal manner, a sensitivity of 7 fT Hz-1/2 at a low frequency near DC is achieved using only one laser beam with 15?µW of power. Additionally, our results extend the WM framework to a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and shed new light on metrology and bio-magnetic field sensing.

SUBMITTER: Qu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7145818 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement.

Qu Weizhi W Jin Shenchao S Sun Jian J Jiang Liang L Wen Jianming J Xiao Yanhong Y

Nature communications 20200409 1

Weak measurement (WM) with state pre- and post-selection can amplify otherwise undetectable small signals and thus has potential in precision measurement applications. Although frequency measurements offer the hitherto highest precision due to the stable narrow atomic transitions, it remains a long-standing interest to develop new schemes to further escalate their performance. Here, we demonstrate a WM-enhanced correlation spectroscopy technique capable of narrowing the resonance linewidth down ...[more]

PMID: 32273502

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Project description:ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements by three-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (3D MRF) using various dictionary resolutions.MethodsThe ISMRM/NIST phantom was scanned daily for 10 days in two 3 T MR scanners using a 3D MRF sequence reconstructed using four dictionaries with varying step sizes and one dictionary with wider ranges. Thirty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled: 20 subjects underwent whole-brain MRF scans in both scanners and the rest in one scanner. ROI/VOI analyses were performed on phantom and brain MRF maps. Accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility metrics were calculated.ResultsIn the phantom study, all dictionaries showed high T1 linearity to the reference values (R2 > 0.99), repeatability (CV < 3%), and reproducibility (CV < 3%) with lower linearity (R2 > 0.98), repeatability (CV < 6%), and reproducibility (CV ≤ 4%) for T2 measurement. The volunteer study demonstrated high T1 reproducibility of within-subject CV (wCV) < 4% by all dictionaries with the same ranges, both in the brain parenchyma and CSF. Yet, reproducibility was moderate for T2 measurement (wCV < 8%). In CSF measurement, dictionaries with a smaller range showed a seemingly better reproducibility (T1, wCV 3%; T2, wCV 8%) than the much wider range dictionary (T1, wCV 5%; T2, wCV 13%). Truncated CSF relaxometry values were evident in smaller range dictionaries.ConclusionsThe accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of 3D MRF across various dictionary resolutions were high for T1 and moderate for T2 measurements. A lower-resolution dictionary with a well-defined range may be adequate, thus significantly reducing the computational load.Key points• A lower-resolution dictionary with a well-defined range may be sufficient for 3D MRF reconstruction. • CSF relaxation times might be underestimated due to truncation by the upper dictionary range. • Dictionary with a higher upper range might be advisable, especially for CSF evaluation and elderly subjects whose perivascular spaces are more prominent.

Dataset Information

Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement.

Publications

Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement.

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