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A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

ABSTRACT: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (_GGPBT) has been a cornerstone in the education of pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacologists for decades. The objectives of this study were to describe and evaluate the 13^th edition of _GGPBT on bases including: (1) author characteristics; (2) recency of citations; (3) conflict of interest (CoI) disclosure; (4) expert evaluation of chapters. Contributors' (N = 115) sex, professional degrees, and presence of undisclosed potential CoI-as reported by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid's Open Payments (2013-2017)-were examined. The year of publication of citations was extracted relative to Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (_KatBCP), and DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (_DiPPAPA). Content experts provided thorough chapter reviews. The percent of _GGPBT contributors that were female (20.9%) was equivalent to those in _KatBCP (17.0%). Citations in _GGPBT (11.5 ± 0.2 years) were significantly older than those in _KatBCP (10.4 ± 0.2) and _DiPPAPA (9.1 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001). Contributors to _GGPBT received USD 3 million in undisclosed remuneration (Maximum author = USD 743,718). In contrast, _DiPPAPA made CoI information available. Reviewers noted several strengths but also some areas for improvement. _GGPBT will continue to be an important component of the biomedical curriculum. Areas of improvement include a more diverse authorship, improved conflict of interest transparency, and a greater inclusion of more recent citations.

SUBMITTER: Piper BJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7151699 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

Piper Brian J BJ Alinea Alexandria A AA Wroblewski John R JR Graham Sara M SM Chung Daniel Y DY McCutcheon Livia R M LRM Birkett Melissa A MA Kheloussi Steven S SS Shah Vicky M VM Szarek John L JL Zalim Qais K QK Arnott John A JA McLaughlin William A WA Lucchesi Pamela A PA Miller Kimberly A KA Waite Gabi N GN Bordonaro Michael M

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) 20191220 1

Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (GGPBT) has been a cornerstone in the education of pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacologists for decades. The objectives of this study were to describe and evaluate the 13th edition of GGPBT on bases including: (1) author characteristics; (2) recency of citations; (3) conflict of interest (CoI) disclosure; (4) expert evaluation of chapters. Contributors' (N = 115) sex, professional degrees, ...[more]

PMID: 31861770

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Project description:Background and Objective Quantitative studies of indocyanine green (ICG) are needed to optimize its evaluative potential in anastomotic perfusion during colorectal surgery. However, some limitations still existed in current studies about qualitative evaluations such as small-scale studies, the inconsistent concentration of the drug, the method of injection, etc. Therefore, this review summarized the primary quantitative parameters, image, method, and so on, during ICG fluorescence angiography aiming to further provide a theoretical basis for the application of ICG in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods The following keywords “indocyanine green or ICG”, “anastomotic perfusion”, and “colorectal surgery” were applied to search for literature published from 2002 to 2022 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases. Then, the information about ICG fluorescence angiography in quantitative evaluation of anastomotic perfusion during colorectal surgery was summarized. Through integrating the experiences derived from the literature and our research center, the crucial quantitative parameters [such as T0, Tmax, Fmax, and S (Fmax/Tmax)], image characteristics, and standard operational process for ICG fluorescence angiography were summarized. Key Content and Findings Firstly, quantitative parameters, including T0, Tmax, Fmax, and S (Fmax/Tmax) during the ICG fluorescence angiography could predict anastomotic leakage, and thus should be recorded. Secondly, the image curve generated by the software might differ among patients, which included a filling period, reducing period, and platform period; some patients even presented a second fluorescence intensity peak. Finally, present studies presented great heterogeneity regarding the injection dose of ICG, observation distance from the laparoscope to the anastomotic site, software, and so on, during ICG fluorescence angiography in quantitatively evaluating the intestinal blood perfusion. Conclusions This review points out the challenges of ICG fluorescence angiography in quantitative evaluation of anastomotic perfusion and gives some advice. However, some difficulties and issues are non-neglectable during the clinical implications of the quantitative evaluation of ICG, such as standardizing the specific cut-off value about the quantitative parameters, injection dose of ICG, observation distance from the laparoscope to the anastomotic site, software, and so on, during ICG fluorescence angiography in quantitatively evaluating the intestinal blood perfusion to eliminate heterogeneity.

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A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

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A Quantitative and Narrative Evaluation of Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

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