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Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals.

ABSTRACT: Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial "Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity" (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24?h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ?35?kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10?±?7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44?±?20.31?nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52?±?19.18?nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p = 0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p = 0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p = 0.049) and LF/HF (p = 0.036) and a positive association with LF (p = 0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (??=?-0.685, p = 0.010; ??=?-14.989, p = 0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (??=?0.141, p = 0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (??=?-0.030, p = 0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

SUBMITTER: Oliveira C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7152942 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals.

Oliveira Camila C Silveira Erika Aparecida EA Rosa Lorena L Santos Annelisa A Rodrigues Ana Paula AP Mendonça Carolina C Silva Lucas L Gentil Paulo P Rebelo Ana Cristina AC

Journal of obesity 20200326

Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. <i>Objective</i>. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. <i>Methodology</i>. The present study i ...[more]

PMID: 32318288

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Project description:BackgroundThe dietary glycemic index (GI) has been introduced as a novel index to elucidate the potential of foods to increase postprandial glucose. According to the limited available data about the association of GI with cardio-metabolic risk factors such as lipid profile, blood glucose markers, and blood pressure in developing countries, the current study was conducted to investigate this association in apparently obese individuals.Method and materialThree hundred forty-seven obese adults were recruited in the present cross-sectional study. A validated 147-food item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the usual dietary intake of study participants. Dietary GI was calculated using the international GI database. Fatty acid desaturase (FADs)2 gene variants were determined according to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). ANOVA was used to compare study variables across different tertile of GI.ResultsWe found significant differences in terms of anthropometric parameters [weight (P = 0.038), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.023), weight to hip ratio (WHR) (P = 0.007), and fat-free mass (FFM) (P < 0.001)] between different tertiles of GI. Similarly, energy and macronutrient intakes had a significant difference across dietary GI, and subjects with a higher dietary intake of energy and macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and total fat) were assigned to the third tertile of dietary GI (P < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in terms of cardio-metabolic risk factors in different dietary GI tertiles. Moreover, the total GI score was non-significantly higher in the TT genotype of FADS2 gene polymorphism compared with other genotypes. While no significant difference was observed between FADS2 genotype frequencies in different GI tertiles.ConclusionCalculated dietary GI was associated with several cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese individuals. However, further prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.

Project description:It is widely accepted that listening to music improves subjective feelings and reduces fatigue sensations, and different kinds of music lead to different activations of these feelings. Recently, cardiac autonomic nervous modulation has been proposed as a useful objective indicator of fatigue. However, scientific considerations of the relation between feelings of fatigue and cardiac autonomic nervous modulation while listening to music are still lacking. In this study, we examined which subjective feelings of fatigue are related to participants' cardiac autonomic nervous function while they listen to music. We used an album of comfortable and relaxing environmental music, with blended sounds from a piano and violin as well as natural sound sources. We performed a crossover trial of environmental music and silent sessions for 20 healthy subjects, 12 females, and 8 males, after their daily work shift. We measured changes in eight types of subjective feelings, including healing, fatigue, sleepiness, relaxation, and refreshment, using the KOKORO scale, a subjective mood measurement system for self-reported feelings. Further, we obtained measures of cardiac autonomic nervous function on the basis of heart rate variability before and after the sessions. During the music session, subjective feelings significantly shifted toward healing and a secure/relaxed feeling and these changes were greater than those in the silent session. Heart rates (ΔHR) in the music session significantly decreased compared with those in the silent session. Other cardiac autonomic parameters such as high-frequency (HF) component and the ratio of low-frequency (LF) and HF components (LF/HF) were similar in the two sessions. In the linear regression analysis of the feelings with ΔHR and changes in LF/HF (ΔLF/HF), increases and decreases in ΔHR were correlated to the feeling axes of Fatigue-Healing and Anxiety/Tension-Security/Relaxation, whereas those in ΔLF/HF were related to the feeling axes of Sleepiness-Wakefulness and Gloomy-Refreshed. This indicated that listening to music improved the participants' feelings of fatigue and decreased their heart rates. However, it did not reduce the cardiac LF/HF, suggesting that cardiac LF/HF might show a delayed response to fatigue. Thus, we demonstrated changes in cardiac autonomic nervous functions based on feelings of fatigue.

Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess age-related changes in cardiac autonomic modulation and heart rate variability (HRV) and their association with spontaneous and pharmacologically induced vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmias, to verify the translational relevance of mouse models for further in-depth evaluation of the link between autonomic changes and increased arrhythmic risk with advancing age.MethodsHeart rate (HR) and time- and frequency-domain indexes of HRV were calculated from Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in two groups of conscious mice of different ages (4 and 19 months old) (i) during daily undisturbed conditions, (ii) following peripheral β-adrenergic (atenolol), muscarinic (methylscopolamine), and β-adrenergic + muscarinic blockades, and (iii) following β-adrenergic (isoprenaline) stimulation. Vulnerability to arrhythmias was evaluated during daily undisturbed conditions and following β-adrenergic stimulation.ResultsHRV analysis and HR responses to autonomic blockades revealed that 19-month-old mice had a lower vagal modulation of cardiac function compared with 4-month-old mice. This age-related autonomic effect was not reflected in changes in HR, since intrinsic HR was lower in 19-month-old compared with 4-month-old mice. Both time- and frequency-domain HRV indexes were reduced following muscarinic, but not β-adrenergic blockade in younger mice, and to a lesser extent in older mice, suggesting that HRV is largely modulated by vagal tone in mice. Finally, 19-month-old mice showed a larger vulnerability to both spontaneous and isoprenaline-induced arrhythmias.ConclusionThe present study combines HRV analysis and selective pharmacological autonomic blockades to document an age-related impairment in cardiac vagal modulation in mice which is consistent with the human condition. Given their short life span, mice could be further exploited as an aged model for studying the trajectory of vagal decline with advancing age using HRV measures, and the mechanisms underlying its association with proarrhythmic remodeling of the senescent heart.

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Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals.

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Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals.

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