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Self-controlled practice and nudging during structural learning of a novel control interface.

ABSTRACT: Self-controlled practice schedules have been shown to enhance motor learning in several contexts, but their effectiveness in structural learning tasks, where the goal is to eventually learn an underlying structure or rule, is not well known. Here we examined the use of self-controlled practice in a novel control interface requiring structural learning. In addition, we examined the effect of 'nudging'-i.e., whether altering task difficulty could influence self-selected strategies, and hence facilitate learning. Participants wore four inertial measurement units (IMUs) on their upper body and the goal was to use motions of the upper body to move a screen cursor to different targets presented on the screen. The structure in this task that had to be learned was based on the fact that the signals from the IMUs were linearly mapped to the x- and y- position of the cursor. Participants (N = 62) were split into 3 groups (random, self-selected, nudge) based on whether they had control over the sequence in which they could practice the targets. To test whether participants learned the underlying structure, participants were tested both on the trained targets, as well as novel targets that were not practiced during training. Results showed that during training, the self-selected group showed shorter movement times relative to the random group, and both self-selected and nudge groups adopted a strategy of tending to repeat targets. However, in the test phase, we found no significant differences in task performance between groups, indicating that structural learning was not reliably affected by the type of practice. In addition, nudging participants by adjusting task difficulty did not show any significant benefits to overall learning. These results suggest that although self-controlled practice influenced practice structure and facilitated learning, it did not provide any additional benefits relative to practicing on a random schedule in this task.

SUBMITTER: Lee MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7156047 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-controlled practice and nudging during structural learning of a novel control interface.

Lee Mei-Hua MH Jayasinghe Shanie A L SAL

PloS one 20200414 4

Self-controlled practice schedules have been shown to enhance motor learning in several contexts, but their effectiveness in structural learning tasks, where the goal is to eventually learn an underlying structure or rule, is not well known. Here we examined the use of self-controlled practice in a novel control interface requiring structural learning. In addition, we examined the effect of 'nudging'-i.e., whether altering task difficulty could influence self-selected strategies, and hence facil ...[more]

PMID: 32287279

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Project description:Podocyte effacement and loss characterizes glomerulopathies such as diabetic nephropathy, lupus, and glomerular toxicity. Human primary podocyte-like epithelial cells cultured from urine (ECU) were characterized as a window to understand podocyte regeneration in these glomerulopathies. Cytokines TNF, and VEGF stimulated regrowth, whereas FGF-1 and IL1 inhibited growth, consistent with other podocyte or parietal epithelial cell models. Review of published micrographs indicated that podocyte foot processes in rodent kidneys interdigitated exclusively with foot processes from other cells, suggesting podocytes practice self-avoidance. In culture, ECU avoided close interactions with other cells arising from the same clone, until enough cells grew for the culture to become confluent. In contrast, ECU derived from multiple clones associated actively to form contiguous monolayers. Gene expression profiling of eight clonal ECU colonies using RNA sequencing revealed that each colony expressed a highly variable profile of the 53 Protocadherin genes. Variable combinations of the 53 Protocadherin PCDHA-, PCDHB-, and PCDHG- gene products are known to act homophilically to direct self-avoidance interactions in human neurons, so PCDH- genes are postulated to govern self-avoidance similarly in podocytes. Such protocadherin profiles could be considered cell names. Transcriptional profiles of ECUs suggest they may represent intermediate stages of Parietal Epithelial Cells (PECs) differentiating into podocytes. They further suggest that each podocyte practices self-avoidance, interdigitating selectively with other cells in the glomerulus. To enable further investigation of multi-clonal podocyte interactions, five podocyte clones were immortalized using temperature-sensitive SV40 Large T antigen. These results suggest that non-self interdigitation of new podocytes with remnant podocytes may facilitate replacement of dying podocytes and re-establishment of a functional filtration barrier.

Dataset Information

Self-controlled practice and nudging during structural learning of a novel control interface.

Publications

Self-controlled practice and nudging during structural learning of a novel control interface.

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