Dataset Information

Electric field down-regulates CD9 to promote keratinocytes migration through AMPK pathway.

ABSTRACT: Endogenous electric field (EF)-directed keratinocytes migration is known to play a key role in the wound re-epithelialization process. Although many molecules and signaling pathways are reported important for directional keratinocytes migration under EF, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous research found that CD9, a trans-membrane protein, is involved in wound re-epithelialization and CD9 downregulation contributes to keratinocytes migration. In this study, we observed the effect of EF on CD9 expression and keratinocytes migration. The keratinocytes migrated directionally toward the cathode and CD9 expression was down-regulated under EF (200mV/mm). In addition, CD9 overexpression reversed EF-induced migratory speed and the electrotactic response of keratinocytes. Also, we found that EF reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Furthermore, AICAR, an AMPK activator, increased CD9 expression under EF, while compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, decreased CD9 expression in keratinocytes. Our results demonstrate that EF regulates CD9 expression and keratinocytes directional migration, in which AMPK pathway plays an important role.

SUBMITTER: Ji R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7163358 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electric field down-regulates CD9 to promote keratinocytes migration through AMPK pathway.

Ji Ran R Teng Miao M Zhang Ze Z Wang Wenping W Zhang Qiong Q Lv Yanling Y Zhang Jiaping J Jiang Xupin X

International journal of medical sciences 20200315 7

Endogenous electric field (EF)-directed keratinocytes migration is known to play a key role in the wound re-epithelialization process. Although many molecules and signaling pathways are reported important for directional keratinocytes migration under EF, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous research found that CD9, a trans-membrane protein, is involved in wound re-epithelialization and CD9 downregulation contributes to keratinocytes migration. In this study, we observed the eff ...[more]

PMID: 32308539

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Project description:Although evidence has shown that very small electric currents produce a beneficial therapeutic result for wounds, non-invasive EMF therapy has consisted mostly of anecdotal clinical reports with very few well controlled laboratory mechanistic studies. In this study, we evaluated the effects and potential mechanisms of a non-invasive EMF device on skin wound repair. In vitro analyses with human skin keratinocyte cultures demonstrated that the non-invasive EMF has a very strong effect on accelerating keratinocyte migration and a relatively weaker effect on promoting keratinocyte proliferation. The positive effects of the non-invasive EMF on cell migration and proliferation seem keratinocyte specific without such effects seen on dermal fibroblasts. cDNA microarray and RT-PCR performed revealed increased expression of CRK7 and HOXC8 genes in treated keratinocytes. This study suggests that a non-invasive electric magnetic field accelerates wound reepithelialization through a mechanism of promoting keratinocyte migration and proliferation, possibly due to upregulation of CRK7 and HOXC8 genes. Experiment Overall Design: Non-invasive EMF: Experiment Overall Design: In this study, we used the Field Therapy Accelerator (FTA; Advatech, Miami, Florida) device to produce a magnetic field which in turn induces a non-invasive electric current in the targetâs surroundings. All human and animal studies have been approved by the authors' Institutional Review Board. The FTA device generates a continuous series of direct current (DC)-like pulses of voltage followed for a very short time interval by a negative voltage spike. The induced EMF comprises of a series of concentric circles centered on the axis of the coil. The EMF vectors are at each point perpendicular to the surface of the circle and in the plane of that circle, that plane being parallel to the face of the coil. Experiment Overall Design: In vitro Studies with Cell Cultures: Experiment Overall Design: Cells and Cell Cultures: Normal human keratinocytes were maintained in growth medium of EpiLife (Cascade Biologics, Portland, Oregon) with human keratinocyte growth supplement at concentration of 0.2% v/v of bovine pituitary extract, 5 ug/ml bovine insulin, 0.18 ug/ml hydrocortisone, 5 ug/ml bovine transferrin, 0.2 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor (Cascade Biologics, Portland, Oregon), plus antibiotics of 100 U/ml penicillin G and 100 ug/ml streptomycin at 37ÂºC and 5% CO2. Media were changed every 24 hours. Experiment Overall Design: cDNA Microarray and RT-PCR Analysis: Experiment Overall Design: Cell cultures and migration assay: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were maintained in 35-mm cell culture dishes and in EpiLife at 37ÂºC and 5% CO2. Keratinocytes were maintained in growth media and grown to confluency. At time 0, a cross-shaped wound gap or cell-free zone was made among confluent monolayer cells in the center of the culture dish, and detached cells were washed off with PBS and then replaced with growth medium. Non-invasive EMF treatment: Group 1 was treated for 1 hour immediately after wounding, at a frequency of 2080 cycles/second, electric field strength of 20mV/cm, and duty cycle of 90%. Group 2 was the control group, and received no treatment but was placed in the same hood at temperatures of 31Â±2ÂºC for the same period of time as their treatment counterparts. Each group was performed in triplicates. Experiment Overall Design: cDNA Microarray: RNA was isolated from cells using an RNeasy Mini RNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen Sciences, Germantown, Maryland), and converted to double stranded cDNA using a cDNA RT Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California). An in vitro transcription reaction was subsequently performed to produce biotin-labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) from the cDNA. Gene expression profiles were assessed using the Affymetrix Human Genome HU133A 2.0 GeneChip array, containing 22,277 sequenced human genes. GeneChip arrays were scanned using a GeneArray Scanner (Hewlett-Packard, Santa Clara, Calif). Hybridization data were analyzed using MAS 5.

Project description:BackgroundOur previous studies have reported the down-regulation of EGFL8 correlates to the development and prognosis of colorectal and gastric cancer. The present study is carried out to explore the expression pattern and role of EGFL8 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods and materialsEGFL8 expression in 102 cases of HCC tissues matched with adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues, a normal liver cell line and three liver cancer cell lines with different metastatic capacity was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Moreover, the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients were correlated with expression of EGFL8. Subsequently, the gain-and loss-of-function experiments were carried out to investigate the biological function of EGFL8 in HCC. We also used N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-(S)- phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), an inhibitor for Notch signaling pathway, in these experiments to verify the involvement of Notch signaling pathway in the effects of EGFL8. Additionally, a mouse model was established to investigate the effect of EGFL8 on metastasis of HCC cells. The expression of Notch signaling pathway in HCC cells and xenograft mouse tumors were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistory.ResultsThe expression of EGFL8 was significantly decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines and EGFL8 down-regulation correlated to multiple nodules, vein invasion, high TNM stage and poor prognosis of HCC. Interestingly, the expression levels of EGFL8 in three liver cancer cell lines were negatively associated with their metastatic capacity. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that EGFL8 obviously suppressed metastasis and invasion of HCC cells but slightly promoted apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of Notch signaling pathway was obviously suppressed in EGFL8 overexpressed HCCLM3 cells and xenograft mouse tumors generated from these cells but markedly elevated in EGFL8 depleted Hep3B cells. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of Notch signaling pathway and effects induced by EGFL8 knockdown in Hep3B cells could be counteracted by DAPT treatment.ConclusionThe down-regulation of EGFL8 was correlated to progression and poor prognosis of HCC and regulates HCC cell migration, invasion and apoptosis through activating the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting EGFL8 as a novel therapeutic target and a potential prognostic marker for HCC.

Dataset Information

Electric field down-regulates CD9 to promote keratinocytes migration through AMPK pathway.

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Electric field down-regulates CD9 to promote keratinocytes migration through AMPK pathway.

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