Dataset Information

Exposures Associated with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections Caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi Serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: A Case-Case Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection (salmonellosis) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases throughout the world. Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes have been observed to occur at higher rates on an annual basis in western Tennessee. The reason for the increased rate of NTS infection by these three serotypes in this region is not known. We conducted a case-case analysis to identify potential risk factors associated with the three Salmonella serotypes using FoodNet data, obtained from the Tennessee Department of Health, consisting of 1578 culture-confirmed salmonellosis cases in Tennessee from 2013 through 2015. Among all the exposure variables tested (254 in total), we found contact with pet treats or chews in the seven days prior to illness was the factor that was significantly associated with these serotypes compared to other serotypes (odds ratio adjusted = 3.0 (95% confidence intervals 1.6, 5.5), P < 0.0005). This study highlights the need for further investigation of potential exposures (other than pet treats or chews), including several possible environmental sources of NTS infection in humans.

SUBMITTER: Mukherjee N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7168582 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Exposures Associated with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections Caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi Serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: A Case-Case Analysis.

Mukherjee Nabanita N Nolan Vikki G VG Dunn John R JR Banerjee Pratik P

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20200124 2

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection (salmonellosis) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases throughout the world. Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes have been observed to occur at higher rates on an annual basis in western Tennessee. The reason for the increased rate of NTS infection by these three serotypes in this region is not known. We conducted a case-case analysis to identify potential risk factors asso ...[more]

PMID: 31991616

Similar Datasets

Project description:Select nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) serotypes were recently found to encode the Salmonella cytolethal distending toxin (S-CDT), an important virulence factor for serotype Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. Using a PCR-based assay, we determined that among 21 NTS serotypes causing the majority of food-borne salmonellosis cases in the United States, genes encoding S-CDT are conserved in isolates representing serotypes Javiana, Montevideo, and Oranienburg but that among serotype Mississippi isolates, the presence of S-CDT-encoding genes is clade associated. HeLa cells infected with representative strains of these S-CDT-positive serotypes had a significantly higher proportion of cells arrested in the G2/M phase than HeLa cells infected with representative strains of S-CDT-negative serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Enteritidis. The G2/M cell cycle arrest was dependent on CdtB, the active subunit of S-CDT, as infection with isogenic ΔcdtB mutants abolished their ability to induce a G2/M cell cycle arrest. Infection with S-CDT-encoding serotypes was significantly associated with activation of the host cell's DNA damage response (DDR), a signaling cascade that is important for detecting and repairing damaged DNA. HeLa cell populations infected with S-CDT-positive serotypes had a significantly higher proportion of cells with DDR protein 53BP1 and γH2AX foci than cells infected with either S-CDT-negative serotypes or isogenic ΔcdtB strains. Intoxication with S-CDT occurred via autocrine and paracrine pathways, as uninfected HeLa cells among populations of infected cells also had an activated DDR. Overall, we show that S-CDT plays a significant role in the cellular outcome of infection with NTS serotypes. The recent discovery that multiple serotypes encode S-CDT, which was previously established as an important virulence factor for serotype Typhi, suggested that this toxin may also contribute to the outcome of infection with nontyphoidal serotypes. In this study, we demonstrate that at a cellular level, S-CDT significantly alters the outcome of infection by inducing DNA damage which is associated with a cell cycle arrest and activation of the host cell's DDR. Importantly, these results contribute valuable information for assessing the public health implications of S-CDT in infections with NTS serotypes. Our data suggest that infection with Salmonella strains that encode S-CDT has the potential to result in DNA damage, which may contribute to long-term sequelae.

Project description:BackgroundDengue is a global human public health threat, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of sequential infection by more than one serotype of dengue virus (DENV) is a major contributing factor for the induction of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), two major medical conditions caused by DENV infection. However, there is no specific drug or vaccine available against dengue infection. There are reports indicating the increased incidence of concurrent infection of dengue in several tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, increasing number of DHF and DSS cases were reported in India indicating potential enhancement of concurrent DENV infections. Therefore, accurate determination of the occurrence of DENV serotype co-infections needs to be conducted in various DENV prone parts of India. In this context, the present study was conducted to analyse the magnitude of concurrent infection in northern Kerala, a southwest state of India, during three consecutive years from 2013 to 2015.MethodsA total of 120 serum samples were collected from the suspected dengue patients. The serum samples were diagnosed for the presence of dengue NS1 antigen followed by the isolation of dengue genome from NS1 positive samples. The isolated dengue genome was further subjected to RTPCR based molecular serotyping. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of PCR amplified products.ResultsOut of the total number of samples collected, 100 samples were positive for dengue specific antigen (NS1) and 26 of them contained the dengue genome. The RTPCR based molecular serotyping of the dengue genome revealed the presence of all four serotypes with different combinations. However, serotypes 1 and 3 were predominant combinations of concurrent infection. Interestingly, there were two samples with all four serotypes concurrently infected in 2013.DiscussionAll samples containing dengue genome showed the presence of more than one serotype, indicating 100% concurrent infection. However, the combination of serotypes 1 and 3 was predominant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the concurrent infection of dengue in the northern Kerala, India. The phylogenetic analysis of dengue serotype 1 identified in this study shows a close relationship with the strain isolated in Delhi and South Korea during the 2006 and 2015 epidemics respectively. Similarly this study indicates that the phylogeny of dengue serotype 3 of northern Kerala is more closely related to dengue isolate of Rajasthan state, India. The geographical and climatic conditions of Kerala favours the breeding of both the mosquito vectors of dengue (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti), which may enhance the severity of dengue in the future. Therefore, the study provides an alarming message for the urgent need of an antiviral strategy or other health management systems to curb the spread of dengue infection.

Dataset Information

Exposures Associated with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections Caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi Serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: A Case-Case Analysis.

Publications

Exposures Associated with Non-Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Infections Caused by Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi Serotypes in Tennessee, 2013-2015: A Case-Case Analysis.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets