Dataset Information

First molecular detection of Plasmodium relictum in Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus.

ABSTRACT: Background:Plasmodium relictum is one of the most important avian malaria species, which is mainly seen in wild birds, with infections reported in more than 70 different species and at high prevalence. Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in mosquitoes collected in China. Method:A Plasmodium -specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established in this study to analyze five species of mosquitoes (1,620 Culex pipiens pallens, 806 Aedes albopictus, 377 Armigeres subalbatus, 168 Anopheles sinensis, and 80 Culex tritaeniorhynchus) collected in hand nets from homes in 25 provinces of China. Results:Only females originated from six provinces were determined to be positive (0.6%, 10/1,809). Plasmodium species were detected in three mosquito species, such as C. pipiens pallens (0.5%, 8/1,620), A. sinensis (0.6%, 1/168), and A. subalbatus (0.3%, 1/377). Of the three mosquito species positive for P. relictum, only C. pipiens pallens is known to feed on birds and is recognized as the natural vector of P. relictum. Conclusion:This is the first time that P. relictum has been detected in A. sinensis and A. subalbatus. P. relictum, the agent of avian malaria, was present in mosquitoes in China, including mosquito species not previously thought to be the vectors.

SUBMITTER: Zhang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7193872 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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First molecular detection of <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> in <i>Anopheles sinensis</i> and <i>Armigeres subalbatus</i>.

Zhang Jilei J Lu Guangwu G Kelly Patrick P Li Jing J Li Min M Wang Jiawei J Huang Ke K Qiu Haixiang H You Jinfeng J Zhang Rong R Wang Yaoyao Y Zhang Yuanyuan Y Wang Chengming C

Open veterinary journal 20200222 1

<h4>Background</h4><i>Plasmodium relictum</i> is one of the most important avian malaria species, which is mainly seen in wild birds, with infections reported in more than 70 different species and at high prevalence.<h4>Aim</h4>The aim of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. in mosquitoes collected in China.<h4>Method</h4>A <i>Plasmodium</i> -specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established in this st ...[more]

PMID: 32426255

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Project description:BackgroundArmigeres subalbatus is a natural vector of the filarial worm Brugia pahangi, but it kills Brugia malayi microfilariae by melanotic encapsulation. Because B. malayi and B. pahangi are morphologically and biologically similar, comparing Ar. subalbatus-B. pahangi susceptibility and Ar. subalbatus-B. malayi refractoriness could provide significant insight into recognition mechanisms required to mount an effective anti-filarial worm immune response in the mosquito, as well as provide considerable detail into the molecular components involved in vector competence. Previously, we assessed the transcriptional response of Ar. subalbatus to B. malayi, and now we report transcriptome profiling studies of Ar. subalbatus in relation to filarial worm infection to provide information on the molecular components involved in B. pahangi susceptibility.Methodology/principal findingsUtilizing microarrays, comparisons were made between mosquitoes exposed to B. pahangi, B. malayi, and uninfected bloodmeals. The time course chosen facilitated an examination of key events in the development of the parasite, beginning with the very start of filarial worm infection and spanning to well after parasites had developed to the infective stage in the mosquito. At 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 h post infection and 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, and 13-14 days post challenge there were 31, 75, 113, 76, 54, 5, 3, 13, and 2 detectable transcripts, respectively, with significant differences in transcript abundance (increase or decrease) as a result of parasite development.Conclusions/significanceHerein, we demonstrate that filarial worm susceptibility in a laboratory strain of the natural vector Ar. subalbatus involves many factors of both known and unknown function that most likely are associated with filarial worm penetration through the midgut, invasion into thoracic muscle cells, and maintenance of homeostasis in the hemolymph environment. The data show that there are distinct and separate transcriptional patterns associated with filarial worm susceptibility as compared to refractoriness, and that an infection response in Ar. subalbatus can differ significantly from that observed in Ae. aegypti, a common laboratory model.

Project description:Armigeres subalbatus is a natural vector of the filarial worm Brugia pahangi, but it kills Brugia malayi microfilariae (mf) by melanotic encapsulation. Because B. malayi and B. pahangi are morphologically and biologically similar, this mosquito-parasite system serves as a valuable model for studying resistance mechanisms in mosquito vectors. Comparing Ar. subalbatus-B. pahangi susceptibility and Ar. subalbatus-B. malayi refractoriness could provide significant insight into recognition mechanisms required to mount an effective anti-filarial worm immune response in the mosquito, as well as provide considerable detail into the molecular components involved in vector competence. Accordingly, we initiated transcriptome profiling studies of Ar. subalbatus in relation to filarial worm infection to provide information on the molecular components involved in B. pahangi susceptibility for comparison with our earlier studies on B. malayi refractoriness (Aliota et al., 2007). In addition, these studies also provide information on the infection response of a natural vector, i.e., the overall transcriptional and physiological change that occurs in the mosquito as a result of parasite infection, for comparison with our previous studies that employed a highly susceptible laboratory model, Aedes aegypti (Erickson et al., 2009). The time course chosen facilitated an examination of key events in the development of the parasite, beginning with the very start of filarial worm infection and spanning to well after infective-stage parasites had completed development in the mosquito. Herein, we demonstrate that filarial worm susceptibility in Ar. subalbatus is a highly complex process during the first 24 hours of infection. It is a process that involves many factors of both known and unknown function which are most likely associated with filarial worm penetration through the midgut lumen, invasion into thoracic muscle cells, and maintenance of homeostasis in the hemolymph environment. The data show that there are distinct and separate transcriptional patterns associated with filarial worm susceptibility as compared to refractoriness, and that an infection response in Ar. subalbatus, a natural vector, can differ significantly from that observed in Ae. aegypti, a common laboratory model. Finally, the data presented herein provide us with a cadre of information to design wet lab experiments and select candidates for further study to more fully dissect the nature of the anti-filarial worm immune response in this mosquito-parasite system.

Dataset Information

First molecular detection of Plasmodium relictum in Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus.

Publications

First molecular detection of <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> in <i>Anopheles sinensis</i> and <i>Armigeres subalbatus</i>.

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