Dataset Information

Network Analysis of Swine Shipments in China: The First Step to Inform Disease Surveillance and Risk Mitigation Strategies.

ABSTRACT: China's pork industry has been dramatically changing in the last few years. Pork imports are increasing, and small-scale farms are being consolidated into large-scale multi-site facilities. These industry changes increase the need for traceability and science-based decisions around disease monitoring, surveillance, risk mitigation, and outbreak response. This study evaluated the network structure and dynamics of a typical large-scale multi-site swine facility in China, as well as the implications for disease spread using network-based metrics. Forward reachability paths were used to demonstrate the extent of epidemic spread under variable site and temporal disease introductions. Swine movements were found to be seasonal, with more movements at the beginning of the year, and fewer movements of larger pigs later in the year. The network was highly egocentric, with those farms within the evaluated production system demonstrating high connectivity. Those farms which would contribute the highest epidemic potential were identified. Among these, different farms contributed to higher expected epidemic spread at different times of the year. Using these approaches, increased availability of swine movement networks in China could help to identify priority locations for surveillance and risk mitigation for both endemic problems and transboundary diseases such as the recently introduced, and rapidly spreading, African swine fever virus.

SUBMITTER: O'Hara K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7198701 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Network Analysis of Swine Shipments in China: The First Step to Inform Disease Surveillance and Risk Mitigation Strategies.

O'Hara Kathleen K Zhang Rui R Jung Yong-Sam YS Zhou Xiaobing X Qian Yingjuan Y Martínez-López Beatriz B

Frontiers in veterinary science 20200428

China's pork industry has been dramatically changing in the last few years. Pork imports are increasing, and small-scale farms are being consolidated into large-scale multi-site facilities. These industry changes increase the need for traceability and science-based decisions around disease monitoring, surveillance, risk mitigation, and outbreak response. This study evaluated the network structure and dynamics of a typical large-scale multi-site swine facility in China, as well as the implication ...[more]

PMID: 32411733

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Project description:Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on global health systems and economies. With ongoing and future challenges posed to the field due to the pandemic, re-examining research priorities has emerged as a concern. As part of a wider project aiming to examine research priorities, here we aimed to qualitatively examine the documented impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer researchers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature review with the aim of identifying non-peer-reviewed journalistic sources and institutional blog posts which qualitatively documented the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer researchers. We searched on 12th January 2021 using the LexisNexis database and Google, using terms and filters to identify English-language media reports and blogs, containing references to both COVID-19 and cancer research. The targeted search returned 751 results, of which 215 articles met the inclusion criteria. These 215 articles were subjected to a conventional qualitative content analysis, to document the impacts of the pandemic on the field of cancer research. Results: Our analysis yielded a high plurality of qualitatively documented impacts, from which seven categories of direct impacts emerged: (1) COVID measures halting cancer research activity entirely; (2) COVID measures limiting cancer research activity; (3) forced adaptation of research protocols; (4) impacts on cancer diagnosis, cases, and services; (5) availability of resources for cancer research; (6) disruption to the private sector; and (7) disruption to supply chains. Three categories of consequences from these impacts also emerged: (1) potential changes to future research practice; (2) delays to the progression of the field; and (3) potential new areas of research interest. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic had extensive practical and economic effects on the field of cancer research in 2020 that were highly plural in nature. Appraisal of cancer research strategies in a post-COVID world should acknowledge the potential for substantial limitations (such as on financial resources, limited access to patients for research, decreased patient access to cancer care, staffing issues, administrative delays, or supply chain issues), exacerbated cancer disparities, advances in digital health, and new areas of research related to the intersection of cancer and COVID-19.

Project description:Background and aimsThe Psychoactive Surveillance Consortium and Analysis Network (PSCAN) is a national network of academic emergency departments (ED), analytical toxicologists and pharmacologists that collects clinical data paired with biological samples to identify and improve treatments of medical conditions arising from use of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The aim of this study was to gather clinical data with paired drug identification from NPS users who presented to EDs within PSCAN during its first year (2016-17).DesignObservational study involving patient records and biological samples.SettingSeven academic emergency medical centers across the United States.ParticipantsED patients (n = 127) > 8 years of age with possible NPS use who were identified and enrolled in PSCAN by clinical providers or research personnel.MeasurementsClinical signs, symptoms and treatments were abstracted from the patients' health records. Biological samples were collected from leftover urine, serum and whole blood. Biological and drug samples, when available, were tested for drugs and drug metabolites via liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS).FindingsPatients in whom synthetic opioids were detected (n = 9) showed higher rates of intubation (four of nine), impaired mental status (four of nine) and respiratory acidosis (five of nine) compared with the rest of the cohort (nine of 118, P-value < 0.05). Patients in whom synthetic cannabinoid (SC) were found (n = 27) had lower median diastolic blood pressures (70.5 versus 77 mmHg, P = 0.046) compared with the rest of the cohort. In 64 cases of single drug ingestion, benzodiazepines were administered in 25 cases and considered effective by the treating physician in 21 (84%) cases.ConclusionsDuring its first year of operation, the Psychoactive Surveillance Consortium and Analysis Network captured clinical data on new classes of drugs paired with biological samples over a large geographical area in the United States. Synthetic cannabinoids were the most common new psychoactive drug identified. Synthetic opioids were associated with a high rate of intubation and respiratory acidosis.

Dataset Information

Network Analysis of Swine Shipments in China: The First Step to Inform Disease Surveillance and Risk Mitigation Strategies.

Publications

Network Analysis of Swine Shipments in China: The First Step to Inform Disease Surveillance and Risk Mitigation Strategies.

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