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ABSTRACT: Background
Phosphate (Pi) toxicity is a strong determinant of vascular calcification development in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium (Mg2+) may improve cardiovascular risk via vascular calcification. The mechanism by which Mg2+ counteracts vascular calcification remains incompletely described. Here we investigated the effects of Mg2+ on Pi and secondary crystalline calciprotein particles (CPP2)-induced calcification and crystal maturation.Methods
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with high Pi or CPP2 and supplemented with Mg2+ to study cellular calcification. The effect of Mg2+ on CPP maturation, morphology and composition was studied by medium absorbance, electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. To translate our findings to CKD patients, the effects of Mg2+ on calcification propensity (T50) were measured in sera from CKD patients and healthy controls.Results
Mg2+ supplementation prevented Pi-induced calcification in VSMCs. Mg2+ dose-dependently delayed the maturation of primary CPP1 to CPP2 in vitro. Mg2+ did not prevent calcification and associated gene and protein expression when added to already formed CPP2. Confirmatory experiments in human serum demonstrated that the addition of 0.2?mmol/L Mg2+ increased T50 from healthy controls by 51?±?15?min (P?ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that crystalline CPP2 mediates Pi-induced calcification in VSMCs. In vitro, Mg2+ delays crystalline CPP2 formation and thereby prevents Pi-induced calcification.
SUBMITTER: Ter Braake AD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7203562 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Ter Braake Anique D AD Eelderink Coby C Zeper Lara W LW Pasch Andreas A Bakker Stephan J L SJL de Borst Martin H MH Hoenderop Joost G J JGJ de Baaij Jeroen H F JHF
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20200501 5
<h4>Background</h4>Phosphate (Pi) toxicity is a strong determinant of vascular calcification development in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium (Mg2+) may improve cardiovascular risk via vascular calcification. The mechanism by which Mg2+ counteracts vascular calcification remains incompletely described. Here we investigated the effects of Mg2+ on Pi and secondary crystalline calciprotein particles (CPP2)-induced calcification and crystal maturation.<h4>Methods</h4>Vascular smooth muscle cel ...[more]