Dataset Information

Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.

ABSTRACT: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. Moreover, the risk of domestic importation to Connecticut exceeded that of international importation by mid-March regardless of our estimated effects of federal travel restrictions. This study provides evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the United States and highlights the critical need for local surveillance.

SUBMITTER: Fauver JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7204677 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.

Fauver Joseph R JR Petrone Mary E ME Hodcroft Emma B EB Shioda Kayoko K Ehrlich Hanna Y HY Watts Alexander G AG Vogels Chantal B F CBF Brito Anderson F AF Alpert Tara T Muyombwe Anthony A Razeq Jafar J Downing Randy R Cheemarla Nagarjuna R NR Wyllie Anne L AL Kalinich Chaney C CC Ott Isabel M IM Quick Joshua J Loman Nicholas J NJ Neugebauer Karla M KM Greninger Alexander L AL Jerome Keith R KR Roychoudhury Pavitra P Xie Hong H Shrestha Lasata L Huang Meei-Li ML Pitzer Virginia E VE Iwasaki Akiko A Omer Saad B SB Khan Kamran K Bogoch Isaac I II Martinello Richard A RA Foxman Ellen F EF Landry Marie L ML Neher Richard A RA Ko Albert I AI Grubaugh Nathan D ND

Cell 20200507 5

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By cou ...[more]

PMID: 32386545

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Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral pathogen that quickly became a global pandemic in the winter of 2020-2021. In response, governments issued social distancing orders to minimize transmission by reducing community contacts. We tested the efficacy of this social distancing at the state level during the first 2 months of the pandemic in the United States. We utilized data on daily SARS-CoV-2 case numbers and human community mobility (anonymized, aggregated cell phone location data stratified into six categories used as an index of social distancing), the date of government-issued social distancing orders, demographics, urbanization and public transportation. We implemented cross-correlation to identify lag times between declines in mobility and SARS-CoV-2 cases. Incorporating state-specific lag times, we tested for associations between case counts and mobility metrics using Bayesian multilevel models. Decreased mobility around grocery stores/pharmacies, retail/recreation locations, transit stations and workplaces was correlated with decreases in SARS-CoV-2 cases with significant lag times of ≥21 days. Social distancing orders were associated with fewer cumulative SARS-CoV-2 cases when they were put in place earlier. Community mobility had already started declining prior to most social distancing orders, especially the more restrictive orders implemented later in the pandemic. Social distancing is an important tool that has been implemented throughout the pandemic to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission, although with significant social and economic impacts. Our results suggest that declines in cases were observed several weeks subsequent to implementation of social distancing measures, and that implementing social distancing earlier could potentially minimize the duration of time these policies need to be in effect. Our findings can inform ongoing management of this pandemic and other emerging infectious disease outbreaks by identifying areas where reductions in mobility are associated with reduced disease transmission, and the expected time frame between behavioural changes and measurable population outcomes.

Dataset Information

Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.

Publications

Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.

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