Corrigendum: Is adolescent e-cigarette use associated with smoking in the United Kingdom?: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Aladeokin A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7205069 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Corrigendum: Is adolescent e-cigarette use associated with smoking in the United Kingdom?: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Aladeokin Adewale A Haighton Catherine C
Tobacco prevention & cessation 20191106
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tpc/108553.]. ...[more]
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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Though smoking is a public health problem the use of e-cigarettes has been associated with a reduction in smoking in developed countries. However, public health experts have raised concerns about the association of e-cigarette use with an increase in traditional cigarette smoking in adolescents. Review-level evidence is generally supportive of this concern, but as it is mainly based on studies from the USA we investigated if e-cigarette use is associated with traditional cigarette smoking in adolescents (aged 10-19 years) in the UK. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of empirical studies. Databases (PubMed, Medline via ProQuest, CINAHL and SCOPUS) were searched between January 2005 and May 2018 using search terms based on the concepts: adolescents, traditional cigarette smoking, e-cigarettes, and UK. Using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of eight studies (involving 73076 adolescents) were included in this review. Three of the included studies were eligible to be combined in a meta-analysis. The CASP appraisal tool was used to assess study quality while risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. RESULTS:Studies included in the meta-analysis showed that adolescents who use e-cigarettes are up to six times more likely to smoke traditional cigarettes. Furthermore, results showed that traditional cigarette smoking can also precede e-cigarette use in adolescents and there was increased likelihood of an increase in initial product use (e-cigarette or traditional cigarette) when the alternate product was initiated. CONCLUSIONS:Public health policy makers in the UK still need clear conclusions about the effects and safety of e-cigarettes.
| S-EPMC7205081 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis systematic review of prospective longitudinal primary studies sought to determine whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by teenagers who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequently commencing tobacco cigarette smoking.MethodsThe review followed the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using pre-prepared inclusion/exclusion criteria two researchers independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Selected articles were quality assessed in duplicate. Data on study participants characteristics, exposure and outcome measures were recorded in an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Feasibility assessment was done to detect clinical heterogeneity and choose an approach to meta-analysis. Analysis comprised pairwise random effects meta-analyses, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ResultsFrom the 6619 studies identified, 14 one-off primary studies in 21 articles were suitable for inclusion. The participants ages ranged from 13 to 19 years and comprised teenagers based in Europe and North America. Nine of the 14 one-off studies, with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months, met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48, I2 68%, 9 primary studies) times higher odds of commencing tobacco cigarette smoking for teenagers who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, though the odds ratio were marginally lower (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86, I2 35%, 4 primary studies) when only the four high-quality studies were analysed.ConclusionThe systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with commencement of tobacco cigarette smoking among teenagers in Europe and North America, identifying an important health-related harm. Given the availability and usage of e-cigarettes, this study provides added support for urgent response by policymakers to stop their use by teenagers to decrease direct harms in this susceptible population group, as well as to conserve achievements in diminishing tobacco cigarette initiation.
| S-EPMC8173887 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo review and summarise the current evidence on the uptake of combustible cigarette smoking following e-cigarette use in non-smokers-including never-smokers, people not currently smoking and past smokers-through an umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.DesignUmbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid) and Wiley Cochrane Library up to April 2020.ResultsOf 6225 results, 25 studies of non-smokers-never, not current and former smokers-with a baseline measure of e-cigarette use and an outcome measure of combustible smoking uptake were included. All 25 studies found increased risk of smoking uptake with e-cigarette exposure, although magnitude varied substantially. Using a random-effects model, comparing e-cigarette users versus non-e-cigarette users, among never-smokers at baseline the OR for smoking initiation was 3.25 (95% CI 2.61 to 4.05, I2 85.7%) and among non-smokers at baseline the OR for current smoking was 2.87 (95% CI 1.97 to 4.19, I2 90.1%). Among former smokers, smoking relapse was higher in e-cigarette users versus non-users (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.83, I2 12.3%).ConclusionsAcross multiple settings, non-smokers who use e-cigarettes are consistently more likely than those avoiding e-cigarettes to initiate combustible cigarette smoking and become current smokers. The magnitude of this risk varied, with an average of around three times the odds. Former smokers using e-cigarettes have over twice the odds of relapse as non-e-cigarettes users. This study is the first to our knowledge to review and pool data on the latter topic.Prospero registration numberCRD42020168596.
| S-EPMC8011717 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionTobacco policies that limit the sale of cigarettes to minors and restrict smoking in public places are important strategies to deter youth from accessing and consuming cigarettes.MethodsWe examined the relationship of youth cigarette smoking status to state-level youth access and clean indoor air laws, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price. Data were analyzed from the 2001 to 2002 U.S. Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 13,339 students in the United States.ResultsCompared with students living in states with strict regulations, those living in states with no or minimal restrictions, particularly high school students, were more likely to be daily smokers. These effects were somewhat reduced when logistic regressions were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price, suggesting that higher cigarette prices may discourage youth to access and consume cigarettes independent of other tobacco control measures.DiscussionStrict tobacco control legislation could decrease the potential of youth experimenting with cigarettes or becoming daily smokers. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking policies, particularly clean indoor air provisions, reduce smoking prevalence among high school students.
| S-EPMC2699932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionEvidence suggests that smoking by family members and friends is a strong predictor of smoking uptake in adolescents, yet the influence on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has not been systematically reviewed and quantified.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searches of the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases up to December 2016. The summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. A positive association was observed between adolescent e-cigarette use and smoking by family members (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.30-1.66) and friends (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.87-3.95), even after adjusting for the individual smoking status. Stratified by family members, the association with smoking in siblings (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.35-2.60) was more prominent than that in parents (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.191-.68) and other family members (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.12-1.72).ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis suggests that smoking by family members and friends is significantly associated with increased probability of e-cigarette use in adolescents.
| S-EPMC6659504 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in order to estimate the effect of US medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on past-month marijuana use prevalence among adolescents.MethodsA total of 2999 papers from 17 literature sources were screened systematically. Eleven studies, developed from four ongoing large national surveys, were meta-analyzed. Estimates of MML effects on any past-month marijuana use prevalence from included studies were obtained from comparisons of pre-post MML changes in MML states to changes in non-MML states over comparable time-periods. These estimates were standardized and entered into a meta-analysis model with fixed-effects for each study. Heterogeneity among the study estimates by national data survey was tested with an omnibus F-test. Estimates of effects on additional marijuana outcomes, of MML provisions (e.g. dispensaries) and among demographic subgroups were abstracted and summarized. Key methodological and modeling characteristics were also described. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsNone of the 11 studies found significant estimates of pre-post MML changes compared with contemporaneous changes in non-MML states for marijuana use prevalence among adolescents. The meta-analysis yielded a non-significant pooled estimate (standardized mean difference) of -0.003 (95% confidence interval = -0.012, +0.007). Four studies compared MML with non-MML states on pre-MML differences and all found higher rates of past-month marijuana use in MML states pre-MML passage. Additional tests of specific MML provisions, of MML effects on additional marijuana outcomes and among subgroups generally yielded non-significant results, although limited heterogeneity may warrant further study.ConclusionsSynthesis of the current evidence does not support the hypothesis that US medical marijuana laws (MMLs) until 2014 have led to increases in adolescent marijuana use prevalence. Limited heterogeneity exists among estimates of effects of MMLs on other patterns of marijuana use, of effects within particular population subgroups and of effects of specific MML provisions.
| S-EPMC5942879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/objectivesA negative association between cigarette smoking and celiac disease has been observed but results were inconsistent across the published studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to identify all studies that investigated this association and to summarize the results of those studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and Embase databases through March 2018 to identify all cohort studies and case-control studies that compared the risk of celiac disease among current and/or former smokers versus never-smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsA total of seven studies with 307,924 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis found a significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never-smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32-0.84; I2 86%). However, the risk of celiac disease among former smokers was not significantly different from never-smokers with the pooled OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.76-1.60; I2 of 73%).ConclusionsA significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never-smokers was demonstrated in this meta-analysis.
| S-EPMC6206527 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionProspective studies have consistently reported a strong association between e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, but many failed to adjust for important risk factors.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we employed multivariable logistic regressions to assess the adolescent vaping-to-smoking relationship, with four regressions (Models 1-4) sequentially adding more risk factors.Our sample included all waves (waves 1-5) of the PATH Study.ResultsThe association between ever e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking decreased substantially in magnitude when adding more control variables, including respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to tobacco users, cigarette susceptibility, and behavioral risk factors. Using the most recent data (waves 4-4.5 and waves 4.5-5), this association was not significant in the most complete model (Model 4). Using wave 4.5-5 data, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for ever e-cigarette use at initial wave and subsequent past 12-month smoking declined from 4.07 (95% confidence interval [CI, 2.86-5.81) in Model 1, adjusting only for sociodemographic characteristics, to 1.35 (95% CI, 0.84-2.16) in Model 4, adjusting for all potential risk factors. Similarly, the aOR of ever e-cigarette use and past 30-day smoking at wave 5 decreased from 3.26 (95% CI, 1.81-5.86) in Model 1 to 1.21 (95% CI, 0.59-2.48) with all covariates (Model 4).ConclusionsAmong adolescent never cigarette smokers, those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, compared with never e-cigarette users, exhibited modest or non-significant increases in subsequent past 12-month or past 30-day smoking when adjusting for behavioral risk factors.
| S-EPMC8962683 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between active maternal smoking and cleft lip and palate etiology.Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to November, 2020.Observational studies of cigarette smoking habits in pregnant women. Outcomes included cleft lip and/or palate, cleft lip ± palate and cleft palate only.Publication bias analyses were performed and the Newcastle Ottawa scales were used to assess study quality. Fixed or random effect models were used in the meta-analysis, dependent on risk of statistical heterogeneity.Forty-five studies were eligible for inclusion of which 11 were cohort and 34 were case-control studies. Sixteen studies were of sufficient standard for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The summary odds ratio for the association between smoking and cleft lip and/or palate was 1.42 (95%CI 1.27-1.59) with a population attributable fraction of 4% (95%CI 3%-5%). There was limited evidence to show a dose-response effect of smoking.This review reports a moderate association between maternal smoking and orofacial cleft but the overall quality of the conventional observational studies included was poor. There is a need for high quality and novel research strategies to further define the role of smoking in the etiology of cleft lip and palate.
| S-EPMC9411693 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCigarette smoking is a risk factor for ageing-related disease, but its association with biological ageing, indicated by telomere length, is unclear.MethodsWe systematically reviewed evidence evaluating association between smoking status and telomere length. Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) databases, combining variation of keywords "smoking" and "telomere". Data was extracted for study characteristics and estimates for association between smoking and telomere length. Quality of studies was assessed with a risk of bias score, and publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot. I2 test was used to observe heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was carried out to compare mean difference in telomere length by smoking status, and a dose-response approach was carried out for pack-years of smoking and telomere length. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to examine sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 84 studies were included in the review, and 30 among them were included in our meta-analysis. Potential bias was addressed in half of included studies, and there was little evidence of small study bias. Telomere length was shorter among ever smokers compared to never smokers (summary standard mean difference [SMD]: -0.11 (95% CI -0.16 to -0.07)). Similarly, shorter telomere length was found among smokers compared to non-smokers, and among current smokers compared to never or former smokers. Dose-response meta-analysis suggested an inverse trend between pack-years of smoking and telomere length. However, heterogeneity among some analyses was observed.ConclusionShorter telomeres among ever smokers compared to those who never smoked may imply mechanisms linking tobacco smoke exposure to ageing-related disease.
| S-EPMC5562268 | biostudies-literature