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Translation of HDAC6 PET Imaging Using [¹⁸F]EKZ-001-cGMP Production and Measurement of HDAC6 Target Occupancy in Nonhuman Primates.

ABSTRACT: Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a multifunctional cytoplasmic enzyme involved in diverse cellular processes such as intracellular transport and protein quality control. Inhibition of HDAC6 can alleviate defects in cell and rodent models of certain diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, while HDAC6 represents a potentially powerful therapeutic target, development of effective brain-penetrant HDAC6 inhibitors remains challenging. Recently, [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 ([¹⁸F]Bavarostat), a brain-penetrant positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high affinity and selectivity toward HDAC6, was developed and evaluated preclinically for its ability to bind HDAC6. Herein, we describe the efficient and robust fully automated current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) compliant production method. [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 quantification methods were validated in nonhuman primates (NHP) using full kinetic modeling, and [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 PET was applied to compare dose-occupancy relationships between two HDAC6 inhibitors, EKZ-317 and ACY-775. [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 is cGMP produced with an average decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 14% and an average molar activity of 204 GBq/μmol. We demonstrate that a two-tissue compartmental model and Logan graphical analysis are appropriate for [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 PET quantification in NHP brain. Blocking studies show that the novel compound EKZ-317 achieves higher target occupancy than ACY-775. This work supports the translation of [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 PET for first-in-human studies.

SUBMITTER: Celen S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7205522 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:PurposeThe α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, making it an important target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The first aim of this work was to compare two α7 nAChRs PET radioligands, [18F]ASEM (3-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-6-([18F]fluorodibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide) and [18F]DBT-10 (7-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-2-([18F]fluorodibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide), in nonhuman primates. The second aim was to assess further the quantification and test-retest variability of [18F]ASEM in humans.MethodsPET scans with high specific activity [18F]ASEM or [18F]DBT-10 were acquired in three rhesus monkeys (one male, two female), and the kinetic properties of these radiotracers were compared. Additional [18F]ASEM PET scans with blocking doses of nicotine, varenicline, and cold ASEM were acquired separately in two animals. Next, six human subjects (five male, one female) were imaged with [18F]ASEM PET for 180 min, and arterial sampling was used to measure the parent input function. Different modeling approaches were compared to identify the optimal analysis method and scan duration for quantification of [18F]ASEM distribution volume (V T). In addition, retest scans were acquired in four subjects (three male, one female), and the test-retest variability of V T was assessed.ResultsIn the rhesus monkey brain [18F]ASEM and [18F]DBT-10 exhibited highly similar kinetic profiles. Dose-dependent blockade of [18F]ASEM binding was observed, while administration of either nicotine or varenicline did not change [18F]ASEM V T. [18F]ASEM was selected for further validation because it has been used in humans. Accurate quantification of [18F]ASEM V T in humans was achieved using multilinear analysis with at least 90 min of data acquisition, resulting in V T values ranging from 19.6 ± 2.5 mL/cm3 in cerebellum to 25.9 ± 2.9 mL/cm3 in thalamus. Test-retest variability of V T was 11.7 ± 9.8%.ConclusionsThese results confirm [18F]ASEM as a suitable radiotracer for the imaging and quantification of α7 nAChRs in humans.

Project description:Knowledge of the within-subject variability of 18F-FDG PET/MRI measurements is necessary for proper interpretation of quantitative PET or MRI metrics in the context of therapeutic efficacy assessments with integrated PET/MRI scanners. The goal of this study was to determine the test-retest repeatability of these metrics on PET/MRI, with comparison to similar metrics acquired by PET/CT. Methods: This prospective study enrolled subjects with pathology-proven pelvic malignancies. Baseline imaging consisted of PET/CT immediately followed by PET/MRI, using a single 370-MBq 18F-FDG dose. Repeat imaging was performed within 7 d using an identical imaging protocol, with no oncologic therapy between sessions. PET imaging on both scanners consisted of a list-mode acquisition at a single pelvic station. The MRI consisted of 2-point Dixon imaging for attenuation correction, standard sequences for anatomic correlation, and diffusion-weighted imaging. PET data were statically reconstructed using various frame durations and minimizing uptake time differences between sessions. SUV metrics were extracted for both PET/CT and PET/MRI in each imaging session. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics were extracted for both PET/MRI sessions. Results: The study cohort consisted of 14 subjects (13 female, 1 male) with various pelvic cancers (11 cervical, 2 rectal, 1 endometrial). For SUVmax, the within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV) appeared higher for PET/CT (8.5%-12.8%) than PET/MRI (6.6%-8.7%) across all PET reconstructions, though with no significant repeatability differences (all P values ≥ 0.08) between modalities. For lean body mass-adjusted SUVpeak, the wCVs appeared similar for PET/CT (9.9%-11.5%) and PET/MRI (9.2%-11.3%) across all PET reconstructions, again with no significant repeatability differences (all P values ≥ 0.14) between modalities. For PET/MRI, the wCV for ADCmedian of 3.5% appeared lower than the wCVs for SUVmax (6.6%-8.7%) and SULpeak (9.2%-11.3%), though without significant repeatability differences (all P values ≥ 0.23). Conclusion: For solid tumors of the pelvis, the repeatability of the evaluated SUV and ADC metrics on 18F-FDG PET/MRI is both acceptably high and similar to previously published values for 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI, supporting the use of 18F-FDG PET/MRI for quantitative oncologic treatment response assessments.

Project description:PurposePridopidine is an investigational drug for Huntington disease (HD). Pridopidine was originally thought to act as a dopamine stabilizer. However, pridopidine shows highest affinity to the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) and enhances neuroprotection via the S1R in preclinical studies. Using [18F] fluspidine and [18F] fallypride PET, the purpose of this study was to assess in vivo target engagement/receptor occupancy of pridopidine to the S1R and dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) at clinical relevant doses in healthy volunteers (HVs) and as proof-of-concept in a small number of patients with HD.MethodsUsing [18F] fluspidine PET (300 MBq, 0-90 min), 11 male HVs (pridopidine 0.5 to 90 mg; six dose groups) and three male patients with HD (pridopidine 90 mg) were investigated twice, without and 2 h after single dose of pridopidine. Using [18F] fallypride PET (200 MBq, 0-210 min), four male HVs were studied without and 2 h following pridopidine administration (90 mg). Receptor occupancy was analyzed by the Lassen plot.ResultsS1R occupancy as function of pridopidine dose (or plasma concentration) in HVs could be described by a three-parameter Hill equation with a Hill coefficient larger than one. A high degree of S1R occupancy (87% to 91%) was found throughout the brain at pridopidine doses ranging from 22.5 to 90 mg. S1R occupancy was 43% at 1 mg pridopidine. In contrast, at 90 mg pridopidine, the D2/D3R occupancy was only minimal (~ 3%).ConclusionsOur PET findings indicate that at clinically relevant single dose of 90 mg, pridopidine acts as a selective S1R ligand showing near to complete S1R occupancy with negligible occupancy of the D2/D3R. The dose S1R occupancy relationship suggests cooperative binding of pridopidine to the S1R. Our findings provide significant clarification about pridopidine's mechanism of action and support further use of the 45-mg twice-daily dose to achieve full and selective targeting of the S1R in future clinical trials of neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03019289 January 12, 2017; EUDRA-CT-Nr. 2016-001757-41.

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Translation of HDAC6 PET Imaging Using [¹⁸F]EKZ-001-cGMP Production and Measurement of HDAC6 Target Occupancy in Nonhuman Primates.

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Translation of HDAC6 PET Imaging Using [18F]EKZ-001-cGMP Production and Measurement of HDAC6 Target Occupancy in Nonhuman Primates.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Translation of HDAC6 PET Imaging Using [¹⁸F]EKZ-001-cGMP Production and Measurement of HDAC6 Target Occupancy in Nonhuman Primates.