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RUNX3 suppresses metastasis and stemness by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling in colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT: Disabled tumor suppressor genes and hyperactive oncogenes greatly contribute to cell fates during cancer development because of their genetic alterations such as somatic mutations. However, little is known about how tumor suppressor genes react to diverse oncogenes during tumor progression. Our previous study showed that RUNX3 inhibits invasiveness by preventing vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and suppressed endothelial cell growth and tube formation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hedgehog signaling is crucial for the physiological maintenance and self-renewal of stem cells, and its deregulation is responsible for their tumor development. The mechanisms that inhibit this pathway during proliferation remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the tumor suppressor RUNX3 modulates tumorigenesis in response to cancer cells induced by inhibiting oncogene GLI1 ubiquitination. Moreover, we demonstrated that RUNX3 and GLI1 expression were inversely correlated in CRC cells and tissues. We observed a direct interaction between RUNX3 and GLI1, promoting ubiquitination of GLI1 at the intracellular level. Increased ubiquitination of GLI1 was induced by the E3 ligase ?-TrCP. This novel RUNX3-dependent regulatory loop may limit the extent and duration of Hedgehog signaling during extension of the tumor initiation capacity. On the basis of our results, identification of agents that induce RUNX3 may be useful for developing new and effective therapies for CRC.

SUBMITTER: Kim BR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7205901 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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RUNX3 suppresses metastasis and stemness by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling in colorectal cancer.

Kim Bo Ram BR Na Yoo Jin YJ Kim Jung Lim JL Jeong Yoon A YA Park Seong Hye SH Jo Min Jee MJ Jeong Soyeon S Kang Sanghee S Oh Sang Cheul SC Lee Dae-Hee DH

Cell death and differentiation 20190705 2

Disabled tumor suppressor genes and hyperactive oncogenes greatly contribute to cell fates during cancer development because of their genetic alterations such as somatic mutations. However, little is known about how tumor suppressor genes react to diverse oncogenes during tumor progression. Our previous study showed that RUNX3 inhibits invasiveness by preventing vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and suppressed endothelial cell growth and tube formation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hedg ...[more]

PMID: 31278361

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Project description:BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) are able to survive after cancer therapies, resulting in tumor progression and recurrence, as is seen in colorectal cancer. Therapies targeting CSCs are regarded as novel and promising strategies for efficiently eradicating tumors. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Coptis chinensis, was found to have antitumor activities against colorectal cancer, without knowing whether it exerts inhibitory effects on colorectal CSCs and the potential mechanisms.MethodsIn this study, we examined the inhibitory roles of Berberine on CSCs derived from HCT116 and HT29 by culturing in serum-free medium. We also examined the effects of Berberine on m6A methylation via regulating fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), by downregulating β-catenin.ResultsWe examined the effects of Berberine on the tumorigenicity, growth, and stemness of colorectal cancer stem-like cells. The regulatory effect of Berberine on N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant mRNA modification, was also examined. Berberine treatment decreased cell proliferation by decreasing cyclin D1 and increasing p27 and p21 and subsequently induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase. Berberine treatment also decreased colony formation and induced apoptosis. Berberine treatment transcriptionally increased FTO and thus decreased m6A methylation, which was reversed by both FTO knockdown and the addition of the FTO inhibitor FB23-2. Berberine induced FTO-related decreases in stemness in HCT116 and HT29 CSCs. Berberine treatment also increased chemosensitivity in CSCs and promoted chemotherapy agent-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we also found that Berberine treatment increased FTO by decreasing β-catenin, which is a negative regulator of FTO.ConclusionsOur observation that Berberine effectively decreased m6A methylation by decreasing β-catenin and subsequently increased FTO suggests a role of Berberine in modulating stemness and malignant behaviors in colorectal CSCs.

Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer?associated mortality. Asiaticoside (AC) exhibits antitumor effects; however, to the best of our knowledge, the biological function of AC in CRC cells remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of AC on CRC cells. In the present study, CCK?8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess the effects of AV on human CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480 and LoVo). Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by JC?1 staining. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were monitored by flow cytometry, and the expression of genes was evaluated using RT?qPCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the biological effect of AC in vivo was detected using a xenograft mouse model. The findings revealed that 2 µM AC suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells in a time? and dose?dependent manner, but had no adverse effects on normal human intestinal FHC cells at a range of concentrations. AC decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the apoptosis of CRC cells in a dose?dependent manner. Furthermore, AC induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. AC attenuated I?B? phosphorylation in a dose?dependent manner, thereby preventing P65 from entering the nucleus, and resulting in inhibition of the NF??B signaling pathway. In addition, AC significantly reduced the expression of CDK4 and Cyclin D1 in a dose?dependent manner, significantly upregulated the activation of caspase?9 and caspase?3, and decreased the Bcl?2/Bax mRNA ratio. Furthermore, treatment with the NF??B signaling pathway inhibitor JSH?23 significantly increased the cytotoxicity of AC in CRC cells. Findings of the xenograft mice model experiments revealed that AC significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth in a dose?dependent manner. Overall, AC suppressed activation of the NF??B signaling pathway by downregulating I?B? phosphorylation. This resulted in inhibition of CRC cell viability and an increase of cell apoptosis, which may form the basis of AC use in the treatment of patients with CRC.

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RUNX3 suppresses metastasis and stemness by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling in colorectal cancer.

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RUNX3 suppresses metastasis and stemness by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling in colorectal cancer.

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