Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

5 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Role of microRNAs in the predisposition to gastrointestinal malignancies.

ABSTRACT: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly deregulated in cancer and play a role in the initiation of tumorigenesis. Recently, miRNAs have attracted attention in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could affect the genes involved in each step of miRNA biosynthesis. Several meta-analyses of case-control studies have assessed the association between miRNA "pathway" gene-SNPs (including biosynthesis regulators and binding sites) and susceptibility to GI cancers. We present in this mini-review the current knowledge on the association between miRNAs "pathway" genes and GI cancer predisposition. The interaction between miRNA/regulators/binding site-SNPs and environmental as well as genomic factors is an interesting field that should be exploited in future studies.

SUBMITTER: Baz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7211524 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Role of microRNAs in the predisposition to gastrointestinal malignancies.

Baz Maria M Ibrahim Tony T

World journal of clinical cases 20200501 9

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly deregulated in cancer and play a role in the initiation of tumorigenesis. Recently, miRNAs have attracted attention in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could affect the genes involved in each step of miRNA biosynthesis. Several meta-analyses of case-control studies have assessed the association between miRNA "pathway" gene-SNPs (including biosynthesis regulators and binding sites) and susceptibility to GI cancers. We present in t ...[more]

PMID: 32420299

Similar Datasets

Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

Project description:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of several solid and hematological malignancies. ICIs are not only able to produce long and durable responses, but also very well tolerated by patients. There are several approved indications of use of ICIs in treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies including gastric, esophageal, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, ICIs can be used in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB) tumors in chemotherapy-resistant setting. Despite having good efficacy and superior safety profile, ICIs are clinically active in small subset of patients, therefore, there is a huge unmet need to enhance their efficacy and discover new predictive biomarkers. There are several ongoing clinical trials that are exploring the role of ICIs in various gastrointestinal cancers either as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted agents or other immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the published and ongoing trials for ICIs in gastrointestinal malignancies, including esophageal, gastric cancer, pancreatic, hepatocellular, biliary tract, colorectal and anal cancers. Specifically, we focus on the use of ICIs in each line of therapy and discuss the future directions of these agents in each type of gastrointestinal cancer.

| S-EPMC7463795 | biostudies-literature

STAG1 Mutations in Genetic Predisposition to Childhood hematological malignancies

Project description:Through a NGS screening, we identified germline STAG1 variants in an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and MDS patients

2024-03-30 | E-MTAB-11760 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Lower gastrointestinal tract cancer predisposition syndromes.

Project description:Although inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suspected for more than 100 years, definitive proof of Mendelian syndromes had to await maturation of molecular genetic technologies. Since the l980s, the genetics of several clinically distinct entities has been revealed. Five disorders that share a hereditary predisposition to CRC are reviewed in this article.

| S-EPMC4103645 | biostudies-literature

MicroRNAs in Female Malignancies.

Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 22-nucleotide RNAs that can play a fundamental regulatory role in the gene expression of various organisms. Current research suggests that miRNAs can assume pivotal roles in carcinogenesis. In this article, through bioinformatics mining and computational analysis, we determine a single miRNA commonly involved in the development of breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancer, whereas we underline the existence of 7 more miRNAs common in all examined malignancies with the exception of vulvar cancer. Furthermore, we identify their target genes and encoded biological functions. We also analyze common biological processes on which all of the identified miRNAs act and we suggest a potential mechanism of action. In addition, we analyze exclusive miRNAs among the examined malignancies and bioinformatically explore their functionality. Collectively, our data can be employed in in vitro assays as a stepping stone in the identification of a universal machinery that is derailed in female malignancies, whereas exclusive miRNAs may be employed as putative targets for future chemotherapeutic agents or cancer-specific biomarkers.

| S-EPMC6376555 | biostudies-literature

Mutation in familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancies

Project description:Detection of causal variant for thrombocytopenia and second hit causing malignant disease onset by next-generation sequencing. The sample was taken at MDS diagnosis, the illness later developed into AML.

2018-06-29 | E-MTAB-6899 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Emerging Role of MicroRNAs as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Project description:Cancer has emerged as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming more than 8 million lives annually. Gastrointestinal cancers account for about 35% of these mortalities. Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies have reduced mortality among patients with gastrointestinal cancer, yet a significant number of patients still develop late-stage cancer, where treatment options are inadequate. Emerging interests in "liquid biopsies" have encouraged investigators to identify and develop clinically relevant noninvasive genomic and epigenomic signatures that can be exploited as biomarkers capable of detecting premalignant and early-stage cancers. In this context, microRNAs (miRNA), which are small, noncoding RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancers, have emerged as promising entities for such diagnostic purposes. Even though the future looks promising, current approaches for detecting miRNAs in blood and other biofluids remain inadequate. This review summarizes existing efforts to exploit circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and evaluates their potential and challenges as liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2391-9. ©2017 AACR.

| S-EPMC5433899 | biostudies-literature

Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress.

Project description:Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with a huge disease burden worldwide. There is clearly a significant unmet need for new drugs and therapies to further improve the treatment outcomes of GI malignancies. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment strategy that is emerging as an effective and promising treatment option against several types of cancers. CTLA-4 and PD-1 are critical immune checkpoint molecules that negatively regulate T cell activation via distinct mechanisms. Immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies directed against these pathways has already shown clinical efficacy that has led to their FDA approval in the treatment of several solid tumors including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and head and neck cancer. This review will summarize the current clinical progress of modern immunotherapy in the field of GI tumors, with a special focus on immune checkpoint blockade.

| S-EPMC5402172 | biostudies-literature

Immunotherapeutic advances in gastrointestinal malignancies.

Project description:Cancer is an important global issue with increasing incidence and mortality, placing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in US. It is estimated that in 2018 there will be 319,160 new diagnosis and 160,820 deaths related to cancer of the digestive system including both genders in the United States alone. Considering limited success of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in treatment of these cancer patients, new therapeutic avenues are under constant investigation. Therapy options have consistently moved away from typical cytotoxic chemotherapy where patients with a given type and stage of the disease were treated similarly, to an individualized approach where a tumor is defined by its specific tissue characteristics /epigenetic profile, protein expression and genetic mutations. This review takes a deeper look at the immune-biological aspects of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract (entire digestive tract extending from esophagus/stomach to rectum, including pancreatico-biliary apparatus) and discusses the different treatment modalities that are available or being developed to target the immune system for better disease outcome.

| S-EPMC6363766 | biostudies-literature

Role of ¹⁸F 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in upper gastrointestinal malignancies.

Project description:The role of whole-body FDG [((18)F) 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose] positron emission tomography (PET) scanning as an imaging modality in the management of patients with malignancy has evolved enormously over the past two decades. FDG-PET has demonstrated significant efficacy in the staging, prognostication and detection of occult metastatic disease in malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to assessment of the response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a more timely manner than has traditionally been possible by more conventional imaging tools. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for the detection and staging of malignancy depend not only on the site and size of the primary tumor and metastases, but also on histological cell type, reflecting underlying disparities in glucose metabolism. The metabolic response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or to chemo-radiotherapy in cancers of the gastro-esophageal junction or stomach has been demonstrated in several prospective studies to correlate significantly with both the histological tumor response to treatment and with consequent improvements in overall survival. This may offer a future paradigm of personalized treatment based on the PET response to chemotherapy. FDG-PET has been less successful in efforts to screen for and detect recurrent upper gastrointestinal malignancies, and in the detection of low volume metastatic peritoneal disease. Efforts to improve the accuracy of PET include the use of novel radiotracers such as ((18)F) FLT (3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine) or (11)C-choline, or fusion PET-CT with concurrent high-resolution computed tomography. This review focuses on the role of FDG-PET scanning in staging and response assessment in malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract, specifically gastric, esophageal and pancreas carcinoma.

| S-EPMC3235589 | biostudies-literature

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies.

Project description:Gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors are extremely fatal and lethal tumors with limited therapeutic options. Antitumor immunity is new line of research in management of solid tumors. Immune check points are negative regulators of immune system and control the immune response. These checkpoints are exploited by cancer cells. Cancer cells causes early activation of checkpoints and suppress the immune response, and therefore have unchecked growth and metastasis of malignant cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), downregulates these checkpoints and activate the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells which helps in lysis of tumor cells. ICIs have shown the promising results in management of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Encouraged by their recent success in solid tumors many clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate their efficacy in GIT tumors. In this article we will try to explain rationale for use of ICIs in GIT tumors. We will summarize the ongoing research, preliminary results and future aspects of ICIs in GIT malignancies.

| S-EPMC5934142 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data