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ADAM10 and ADAM17 proteases mediate proinflammatory cytokine-induced and constitutive cleavage of endomucin from the endothelial surface.

ABSTRACT: Contact between inflammatory cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is a crucial step in vascular inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that the cell-surface level of endomucin (EMCN), a heavily O-glycosylated single-transmembrane sialomucin, interferes with the interactions between inflammatory cells and ECs. We have also shown that, in response to an inflammatory stimulus, EMCN is cleared from the cell surface by an unknown mechanism. In this study, using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a tagged EMCN in human umbilical vein ECs, we found that treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or the strong oxidant pervanadate leads to loss of cell-surface EMCN and increases the levels of the C-terminal fragment of EMCN 3- to 4-fold. Furthermore, treatment with the broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB94) or inhibition of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 with two small-molecule inhibitors, GW280264X and GI254023X, or with siRNA significantly reduced basal and TNFα-induced cell-surface EMCN cleavage. Release of the C-terminal fragment of EMCN by TNF-α treatment was blocked by chemical inhibition of ADAM10 alone or in combination with ADAM17. These results indicate that cell-surface EMCN undergoes constitutive cleavage and that TNF-α treatment dramatically increases this cleavage, which is mediated predominantly by ADAM10 and ADAM17. As endothelial cell-surface EMCN attenuates leukocyte-EC interactions during inflammation, we propose that EMCN is a potential therapeutic target to manage vascular inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Yang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7212652 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) is a 180-kDa transmembrane protein that plays a role in inflammation and cancer and is the major autoantigen in membranous nephropathy, a rare but severe autoimmune kidney disease. A soluble form of PLA2R1 has been detected in mouse and human serum. It is likely produced by proteolytic shedding of membrane-bound PLA2R1 but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that human PLA2R1 is cleaved by A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 in HEK293 cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and human podocytes. By combining site-directed mutagenesis and sequencing, we determined the exact cleavage site within the extracellular juxtamembrane stalk of human PLA2R1. Orthologs and paralogs of PLA2R1 are also shed. By using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic approaches with RNA interference and knock-out cellular models, we identified a major role of ADAM10 in the constitutive shedding of PLA2R1 and a dual role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the stimulated shedding. We did not observe evidence for cleavage by β- or γ-secretase, suggesting that PLA2R1 may not be a substrate for regulated intramembrane proteolysis. PLA2R1 shedding occurs constitutively and can be triggered by the calcium ionophore ionomycin, the protein kinase C activator PMA, cytokines, and lipopolysaccharides, in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results show that PLA2R1 is a novel substrate for ADAM10 and ADAM17, producing a soluble form that is increased in inflammatory conditions and likely exerts various functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions including inflammation, cancer, and membranous nephropathy.

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| S-EPMC9813547 | biostudies-literature

Degradome of soluble ADAM10 and ADAM17 metalloproteases

Project description:Disintegrin and metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 can release the extracellular region of a variety of membrane-bound proteins including cytokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors and receptors, important for many biological functions (ectodomain shedding).. So far, substrate identification for ADAM10 and ADAM17 focused exclusively on their membrane-anchored forms and their function as sheddases. With ADAM8 we now describe the first protease capable of releasing the ADAM17 ectodomain. Based on these findings, we investigated whether the soluble ectodomains of ADAM10 and ADAM17 still exhibit shedding activity and to determine their soluble protein substrate pool . To address this, a mass spectrometry-based N-terminomics approach (TAILS) was used to identify potential targets of soluble ADAM10 and ADAM17 (sADAM10/17) within the secretome of the murine cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1. We identified almost 140 protein cleavage events in total and 45 common substrates for both sADAM10 and sADAM17. Further in-vitro studies confirmed fibronectin, cystatin C, sN-cadherin, PCPE-1 as well as sAPP as direct substrates of soluble ADAM10 and/or ADAM17. Overall, we present the first degradome study for sADAM10 and sADAM17, thereby introducing a new regulation mode of the proteolytic activity of these essential proteases within the protease web.

2019-06-24 | PXD013718 | Pride

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