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Soft drink intake is associated with weight gain, regardless of physical activity levels: the health workers cohort study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:While soft drink intake is positively associated with weight gain, no previous study has investigated whether leisure-time physical activity modifies this association. We estimated the association between soft drink intake and body weight, and explored if this association differed by levels of leisure-time physical activity. METHODS:We used data from the health workers cohort study, a prospective study of Mexican adults (20 to 85y old), including 1268 health workers and their families, who were assessed at baseline (2004-2006) and follow-up (2010-2012). We assessed soft drink intake (cola and flavored soda) using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We measured leisure-time physical activity using a self-report questionnaire, and categorized according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Body weight was measured by trained personnel. The association between changes in soft drink intake and weight change, and if such association varied by levels of physical activity was estimated through fixed-effect models. RESULTS:An increase in one serving per day of soft drink was associated with 0.10?kg (95% CI 0.00, 0.19) increase in weight per year. This association was not modified by leisure-time physical activity, as demonstrated by the magnitude of the coefficient of the interaction between soft drink, leisure-time physical activity, and time (-?0.03?kg, 95% CI -?0.27 to 0.21); people who complied with the WHO physical activity recommendations gained 0.36?kg/year per serving of soft drink, compared to 0.48?kg/year for people without sufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS:Soft drink intake was associated with weight gain. Leisure-time physical activity did not modify the association between soft drink intake and weight gain. This finding challenges the idea that leisure-time physical activity is sufficient to counterbalance weight gain associated to soft drink intake.

SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Morales R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7216416 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Soft drink intake is associated with weight gain, regardless of physical activity levels: the health workers cohort study.

González-Morales Romina R Canto-Osorio Francisco F Stern Dalia D Sánchez-Romero Luz María LM Torres-Ibarra Leticia L Hernández-López Rubí R Rivera-Paredez Berenice B Vidaña-Pérez Dèsirée D Ramírez-Palacios Paula P Salmerón Jorge J Popkin Barry M BM Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh T

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 20200512 1

<h4>Background</h4>While soft drink intake is positively associated with weight gain, no previous study has investigated whether leisure-time physical activity modifies this association. We estimated the association between soft drink intake and body weight, and explored if this association differed by levels of leisure-time physical activity.<h4>Methods</h4>We used data from the health workers cohort study, a prospective study of Mexican adults (20 to 85y old), including 1268 health workers and ...[more]

PMID: 32398158

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship of body weight and its changes over time with physical activity (PA). DESIGN:Population-based prospective cohort study (Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, EPIC-Norfolk, United Kingdom). SUBJECTS:A total of 25?639 men and women aged 39-79 years at baseline. PA was self-reported. Weight and height were measured by standard clinical procedures at baseline and self-reported at 18-month and 10-year follow-ups (calibrated against clinical measures). Main outcome measure was PA at the 10-year follow-up. RESULTS:Body weight and PA were inversely associated in cross-sectional analyses. In longitudinal analyses, an increase in weight was associated with higher risk of being inactive 10 years later, after adjusting for baseline activity, 18-month activity, sex, baseline age, prevalent diseases, socioeconomic status, education, smoking, total daily energy intake and alcohol intake. Compared with stable weight, a gain in weight of >2?kg per year in the short-, medium- and long-term was consistently and significantly associated with greater likelihood of physical inactivity after 10 years, with the most pronounced effect for long-term weight gain, OR=1.89 (95% CI: 1.30-2.70) in fully adjusted analysis. Weight gain of 0.5-2?kg per year over long-term was substantially associated with physical inactivity after full adjustment, OR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.11-1.41). CONCLUSION:Weight gain (during short-, medium- and long-term) is a significant determinant of future physical inactivity independent of baseline weight and activity. Compared with maintaining weight, moderate (0.5-2?kg per year) and large weight gain (>2?kg per year) significantly predict future inactivity; a potentially vicious cycle including further weight gain, obesity and complications associated with a sedentary lifestyle. On the basis of current predictions of obesity trends, we estimate that the prevalence of inactivity in England would exceed 60% in the year 2020.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in categories of soft drink consumption in a cohort of Mexican adults, three years after the implementation of the sugar sweetened beverage tax. DESIGN:Open cohort longitudinal analysis. SETTING:Three waves of the Health Workers Cohort Study, Mexico, spanning 2004 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS:1770 people aged 19 years or older with information on drinks consumption available in at least one of the three cohort waves. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Change in probability of belonging to one of four categories of soft drinks consumption (non, low, medium, high) after the tax was implemented. Heterogeneity of associations by income and education was also assessed. RESULTS:Before the implementation of the tax, more than 50% of the participants were medium and high consumers of soft drinks and less than 10% were in the non-consumer category. After the tax was implemented, 43% of the population was categorised as medium or high consumers and the prevalence of non-consumers increased to 14%. Three years after implementation of the tax on 1 January 2014, the probability of being a non-consumer of soft drinks increased by 4.7 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 9.1) percentage points and that of being a low consumer increased by 8.3 (0.6 to 16.0) percentage points compared with the pre-tax period. Conversely, the probability of being in the medium and high levels of soft drinks consumption decreased by 6.8 (0.5 to 13.2) percentage points and 6.1 (0.4 to 11.9) percentage points, respectively. No significant heterogeneity of the tax across income levels was observed, but stronger effects of the tax were seen in participants with secondary school education or higher, compared with those with elementary school or less. CONCLUSIONS:The Mexican sugar sweetened beverage tax was associated with a reduction in the probability of consuming soft drinks in this cohort of employees from a healthcare provider. The results cannot be extrapolated to the Mexican population, but they suggest that three years after implementation, the tax had helped to increase the proportion of people who do not consume soft drinks while decreasing the proportion of high and medium consumers.

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Dataset Information

Soft drink intake is associated with weight gain, regardless of physical activity levels: the health workers cohort study.

Publications

Soft drink intake is associated with weight gain, regardless of physical activity levels: the health workers cohort study.

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