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Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins.

ABSTRACT: Animals have developed numerous strategies to contend with environmental pressures. We observed that the same adaptation strategy may be used repeatedly by one species in response to a certain environmental challenge. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis displays thermal phenotypic plasticity at different developmental stages. It is unknown whether these superficially similar temperature-induced specializations share similar physiological mechanisms. We performed various experiments to clarify the differences and similarities between these processes. We examined changes in the numbers and sizes of melanic spots in pupae and adults, and confirmed similar patterns for both. The dopamine pathway controls pigmentation levels at both developmental stages of H. axyridis. However, the aspartate-?-alanine pathway controls spot size and number only in the pupae. An upstream regulation analysis revealed the roles of Hox genes and elytral veins in pupal and adult spot formation. Both the pupae and the adults exhibited similar morphological responses to temperatures. However, they occurred in different body parts and were regulated by different pathways. These phenotypic adaptations are indicative of an effective thermoregulatory system in H. axyridis and explains how insects contend with certain environmental pressure based on various control mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7225305 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins.

Zhang Yi Y Wang Xing-Xing XX Feng Zhu-Jun ZJ Cong Hao-Su HS Chen Zhan-Sheng ZS Li Yu-Dan YD Yang Wen-Meng WM Zhang Song-Qi SQ Shen Ling-Feng LF Tian Hong-Gang HG Feng Yi Y Liu Tong-Xian TX

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 20200508

Animals have developed numerous strategies to contend with environmental pressures. We observed that the same adaptation strategy may be used repeatedly by one species in response to a certain environmental challenge. The ladybird <i>Harmonia axyridis</i> displays thermal phenotypic plasticity at different developmental stages. It is unknown whether these superficially similar temperature-induced specializations share similar physiological mechanisms. We performed various experiments to clarify ...[more]

PMID: 32457902

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Based on accumulating evidence, the regulation of protein expression by antipsychotic drugs (APDs) might be closely related to the control of psychotic symptoms when these drugs are used to treat mental disorders. The low quantity of nuclear proteins in the cell hinders their detection because signal for rare proteins are masked in most proteomic detection systems. METHODS:Nuclear proteins fractionated from APD-treated B35 cells were labeled with iTRAQ and detected by LC/MS/MS to investigate APD-induced alterations in nuclear protein expression. Western blot, immunofluorescent cell staining, and immunohistochemical staining were applied to validate the findings. RESULTS:The expression of ADP/ATP translocase 2, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, histone H1.2, histone H3.3, histone H4, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein, nucleolin, nucleophosmin, prelamin-A/C, plectin-1, vimentin, and 40S ribosomal protein S3a was regulated by APDs in B35 cells, according to our proteomic data. According to the results of the gene ontology analysis, all these proteins played important roles in biological processes or in molecular functions in cells. Western blot results showing APD-induced alterations in nuclear protein expression in B35 cells were consistent with the LC/MS/MS results. Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and vimentin expression in C6 cells were not affected by the three APDs. As shown in the immunofluorescent cell staining, all the three APDs altered protein expression to similar extents. We also examined whether the expression of these proteins was affected by APDs in the prefrontal cortex of rats administered sub-chronic and chronic APD treatments by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS:The findings of the proteomic analysis of APD-treated B35 cells were recapitulated in the APD-treated rat cortex. The expression of some proteins was altered by APDs in rat prefrontal cortex in a time-dependent manner.

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Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins.

Publications

Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins.

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