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Heavy Metal Stress-Associated Proteins in Rice and Arabidopsis: Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetics, Duplication, and Expression Profiles Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Heavy metal exposure is a serious environmental stress in plants. However, plants have evolved several strategies to improve their heavy metal tolerance. Heavy metal-associated proteins (HMPs) participate in heavy metal detoxification. Here, we identified 46 and 55 HMPs in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively, and named them OsHMP 1-46 and AtHMP 1-55 according to their chromosomal locations. The HMPs from both plants were divided into six clades based on the characteristics of their heavy metal-associated domains (HMA). The HMP gene structures and motifs varied greatly among the different classifications. The HMPs had high collinearity and were segmentally duplicated. A cis-element analysis revealed that the HMPs may be regulated by different transcription factors. An expression profile analysis disclosed that only eight OsHMPs were constitutive in rice tissues. Of these, the expression of OsHMP37 was far higher than that of the other seven genes while OsHMP28 was expressed exclusively in the roots. For Arabidopsis, nine AtHMPs presented with very high transcript levels in all organs. Most of the selected OsHMPs were differentially expressed in various tissues under different heavy metal stresses. Only OsHMP09, OsHMP18, and OsHMP22 showed higher expression levels in all tissues under different heavy metal stresses. In contrast, most of the selected AtHMPs had nearly constant expression levels in different tissues under various heavy metal stresses. The AtHMP20, AtHMP23, AtHMP25, AtHMP31, AtHMP35, AtHMP46 expression levels under different heavy metal stresses were higher in the leaves and roots. The foregoing discoveries elucidated HMP evolution in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and may helpful functionally characterize HMPs in the future.

SUBMITTER: Li J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7225358 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Plant metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) comprise a family of membrane divalent cation transporters that play essential roles in plant mineral nutrition maintenance and heavy metal stresses resistance. However, the evolutionary relationships and biological functions of MTP family in tobacco remain unclear. In the present study, 26, 13, and 12 MTPs in three main Nicotiana species (N. tabacum, N. sylvestris, and N. tomentosiformis) were identified and designated, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, chromosome distributions, conserved motifs, and domains of NtMTPs were systematic analyzed. According to the phylogenetic features, 26 NtMTPs were classified into three major substrate-specific groups that were Zn-cation diffusion facilitators (CDFs), Zn/Fe-CDFs, and Mn-CDFs, and seven primary groups (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12). All of the NtMTPs contained a modified signature sequence and the cation_efflux domain, whereas some of them also harbored the ZT_dimer. Evolutionary analysis showed that NtMTP family of N. tabacum originated from its parental genome of N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis, and further underwent gene loss and expanded via one segmental duplication event. Moreover, the prediction of cis-acting elements (CREs) and the microRNA target sites of NtMTP genes suggested the diverse and complex regulatory mechanisms that control NtMTPs gene expression. Expression profile analysis derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the tissue expression patterns of NtMTPs in the same group were similar but varied among groups. Besides, under heavy metal toxicity, NtMTP genes exhibited various responses in either tobacco leaves or roots. 19 and 15 NtMTPs were found to response to at least one metal ion treatment in leaves and roots, respectively. In addition, NtMTP8.1, NtMTP8.4, and NtMTP11.1 exhibited Mn transport abilities in yeast cells. These results provided a perspective on the evolution of MTP genes in tobacco and were helpful for further functional characterization of NtMTP genes.

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Heavy Metal Stress-Associated Proteins in Rice and Arabidopsis: Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetics, Duplication, and Expression Profiles Analysis.

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