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Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults.

ABSTRACT: Long term nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. This study examined supplementing habitual diets with almonds or carbohydrate-rich snack foods (providing 15% energy) on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED) or isocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, cell adhesions molecules, C reactive protein (CRP), mood, and cognitive performance (working memory primary outcome), dietary profiles and energy intake/expenditure were measured at baseline and Week 12 in 128 participants (n = 63 AED, n = 65 NFD). Compared with NFD, AED was associated with altered macro and micronutrient profiles, but no differences in energy intake or expenditure. The AED significantly reduced triglycerides and SBP but there were no other changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers, mood, or cognitive performance. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improves aspects of cardiometabolic health without affecting cognitive performance or mood in overweight/obese adults.

SUBMITTER: Coates AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7230374 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults.

Coates Alison Mary AM Morgillo Samantha S Yandell Catherine C Scholey Andrew A Buckley Jonathan David JD Dyer Kathryn Ann KA Hill Alison Marie AM

Nutrients 20200423 4

Long term nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. This study examined supplementing habitual diets with almonds or carbohydrate-rich snack foods (providing 15% energy) on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED) or isocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, ins ...[more]

PMID: 32340150

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Obesity imposes risk to cardiometabolic health; however, intentional weight loss in obese older adults remains controversial. Using data from the CROSSROADS Study (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00955903), this ancillary study investigated effects of exercise with and without intentional weight loss on changes in cardiometabolic risk assessed by four risk-scoring tools. Methods Participants (n = 134, 39% male, 23% African American, 70.2 ± 4.7 y) were randomized to exercise (n = 48), exercise + nutrient-dense weight maintenance diet (n = 44), or exercise + nutrient-dense caloric restriction of 500 kcals/day (n = 42). The following risk scores were calculated using baseline and 12-month data: Framingham risk assessment, Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS), metabolic syndrome classification by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and metabolic syndrome classification by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III). Generalized Estimating Equations were employed to determine differences between groups with ethnicity, sex, and age as covariates. Results Group-time interaction was not significant in application of IDF or ATPIII. Group-time interaction was significant for Framingham and CMDS (P = 0.005 and 0.041, respectively). Upon post-hoc analysis, significant within-group improvements in Framingham scores were observed for exercise + weight maintenance (P < 0.001, r = −1.682) and exercise + weight loss (P = 0.020, r = −0.881). In analysis of between-group differences in Framingham scores, a significant decrease was observed in the exercise + weight maintenance group (P = 0.001, r = −1.723) compared to the exercise group. For CMDS, the exercise + weight loss group had significant within-group improvements (P = 0.023, r = - 0.102). For between-group differences in CMDS, the exercise + weight loss group showed significant risk score reduction (P = 0.012, r = −0.142) compared to the exercise group. Conclusions Risk assessment by Framingham and CMDS showed greater sensitivity to change in cardiometabolic risk factors. Results suggest obese older adults can lower cardiometabolic risk by engaging in exercise + weight maintenance or exercise + weight loss by moderate caloric restriction. Funding Sources R01AG033094 NIA, K07AG043588 NIA, P30DK056336 NIDDK.

Project description:BackgroundKetogenic diets are a commonly used weight loss method, but little is known how variations in sodium content and ketones influence cognition and mood during the early keto-adaptation period.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of an exogenous ketone salt (KS) as part of a hypocaloric KD on mood and cognitive outcomes in overweight and obese adults. A secondary objective was to evaluate changes in biochemical markers associated with inflammatory and cognitive responses.Materials and methodsAdults who were overweight or obese participated in a 6-week controlled-feeding intervention comparing hypocaloric diets (∼75% of energy expenditure). KD groups received twice daily ketone salt (KD + KS; n = 12) or a flavor-matched placebo, free of minerals (KD + PL; n = 13). A separate group of age and BMI matched adults were later assigned to an isoenergetic low-fat diet (LFD; n = 12) as comparison to KD. Mood was assessed by shortened Profile of Mood States and Visual Analog Mood Scale surveys. Cognitive function was determined by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics mental test battery.ResultsBoth KD groups achieved nutritional ketosis. Fasting serum glucose decreased in both KD groups, whereas glucose was unaffected in the LFD. Insulin decreased at week 2 and remained lower in all groups. At week 2, depression scores in the KD + PL group were higher compared to KD + KS. Performance in the math processing and go/no-go cognitive tests were lower for KD + PL and LFD participants, respectively, compared to KD + KS. Serum leptin levels decreased for all groups throughout the study but were higher for KD + KS group at week 6. Serum TNF-α steadily increased for LFD participants, reaching significance at week 6.ConclusionDuring a short-term hypocaloric diet, no indication of a consistent decline in mood or cognitive function were seen in participants following either KD, despite KD + PL being relatively low in sodium. WK2 scores of "anger" and "depression" were higher in the LFD and KD + PL groups, suggesting that KS may attenuate negative mood parameters during the early intervention stages.

Project description:ImportanceInflammation has been proposed as a mechanism linking cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) to increased risk of dementia. However, whether an anti-inflammatory diet can support brain and cognitive health among people with CMDs is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine CMD status and dietary inflammatory potential in association with dementia risk and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures using joint effect analysis.Design, setting, and participantsThe UK Biobank is an ongoing community-based cohort study with baseline assessments conducted between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. The present study included 84 342 dementia-free older adults (≥60 years), who were followed up until January 20, 2022 (maximum, 15 years). A subsample (n = 8917) underwent brain MRI scans between May 2, 2014, and March 13, 2020.ExposuresBaseline CMDs (including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were ascertained from medical records. Dietary Inflammatory Index scores (anti-inflammatory [≤-1.5 points], neutral [>-1.5 to <0.5 points], or proinflammatory [≥0.5 points]) were calculated from participants' average intake of 31 nutrients, assessed up to 5 times using the Oxford WebQ, a web-based, 24-hour dietary assessment.Main outcomes and measuresIncident dementia was identified through linkage to medical records. Regional brain volumes were collected from brain MRI scans.ResultsThe study included 84 342 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.1 [2.9] years; 43 220 [51.2%] female). At baseline, 14 079 (16.7%) had at least 1 CMD. Over a median follow-up of 12.4 (IQR, 11.8-13.1) years, 1559 individuals (1.9%) developed dementia. With the use of joint effect analysis, the hazard ratio of dementia was 2.38 (95% CI, 1.93-2.93) for people with CMDs and a proinflammatory diet and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.36-2.00) for those with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet (reference: CMD-free, anti-inflammatory diet). Dementia risk was 31% lower (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .003) among people with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet. On brain MRI, participants with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet compared with a proinflammatory diet additionally had significantly larger gray matter volume (β = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.06 vs β = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.16) and smaller white matter hyperintensity volume (β = 0.05; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.14 vs β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.27).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, people with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory compared with proinflammatory diet had a significantly lower hazard ratio of dementia, larger gray matter volume, and smaller white matter hyperintensity volume.

Dataset Information

Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults.

Publications

Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults.

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