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The Role of Soluble Corn Fiber on Glycemic and Insulin Response.

ABSTRACT: Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asia has prompted the exploration of dietary fibers as an ingredient to attenuate glycemic response (GR). This study aims to compare the effects of replacing 50% of total carbohydrate with soluble corn fiber (SCF) or maltodextrin on the GR and insulin response (IR). In this randomized cross-over study, twenty-two healthy Chinese males aged between 21-60 years were recruited. The participants consumed glucose beverages and four test meals comprising SCF or maltodextrin in glutinous rice or as a drink. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to compare the incremental area under the curve values of glucose (iAUGC) and insulin (iAUIC) of all the foods. Relative response (RR) of the beverages were also calculated and compared using paired t-test. SCF treatments had significantly lower iAUGC (p-value < 0.05) and iAUIC (p-value < 0.001) as compared to all treatments. Both treatments (rice and beverage) of maltodextrin were not significantly different from glucose (p-value > 0.05). Maltodextrin beverage had significantly increased postprandial GR and insulin secretion by 20% and 40%, respectively, when compared to SCF beverage (p-value < 0.001). This study shows that the inclusion of SCF into the diet is beneficial in controlling the postprandial GR. Replacing total carbohydrates with SCF effectively lowers GR and IR.

SUBMITTER: Tan WSK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7231297 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Role of Soluble Corn Fiber on Glycemic and Insulin Response.

Tan Wei Shuan Kimberly WSK Chia Pei Fen Winnie PFW Ponnalagu Shalini S Karnik Kavita K Henry Christiani Jeyakumar CJ

Nutrients 20200330 4

Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asia has prompted the exploration of dietary fibers as an ingredient to attenuate glycemic response (GR). This study aims to compare the effects of replacing 50% of total carbohydrate with soluble corn fiber (SCF) or maltodextrin on the GR and insulin response (IR). In this randomized cross-over study, twenty-two healthy Chinese males aged between 21-60 years were recruited. The participants consumed glucose beverages and four test meal ...[more]

PMID: 32235569

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Project description:Carbohydrate is the cheapest source of energy among the three major nutrient groups, an appropriate amount of carbohydrates can reduce feed cost and improve growth performance, but carnivorous aquatic animals cannot effectively utilize carbohydrates. The objectives of the present study are aimed at exploring the effects of dietary corn starch levels on glucose loading capacity, insulin-mediated glycemic responses, and glucose homeostasis for Portunus trituberculatus. After two weeks of feeding trial, swimming crabs were starved and sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed diet with 0% corn starch exhibited lower glucose concentration in hemolymph than those fed with the other diets, and glucose concentration in hemolymph remained low with the extension of sampling time. The glucose concentration in hemolymph of crabs fed with 6% and 12% corn starch diets reached the peak after 2 hours of feeding; however, the glucose concentration in hemolymph of crabs fed with 24% corn starch attained the highest value after 3 hours of feeding, and the hyperglycemia lasted for 3 hours and decreased rapidly after 6 hours of feeding. Enzyme activities in hemolymph related to glucose metabolism such as pyruvate kinase (PK), glucokinase (GK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were significantly influenced by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. Glycogen content in hepatopancreas of crabs fed with 6% and 12% corn starch first increased and then decreased; however, the glycogen content in hepatopancreas of crabs fed with 24% corn starch significantly increased with the prolongation of feeding time. In the 24% corn starch diet, insulin-like peptide (ILP) in hemolymph reached a peak after 1 hour of feeding and then significantly decreased, whereas crustacean hyperglycemia hormone (CHH) was not significantly influenced by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. ATP content in hepatopancreas peaked at 1 h after feeding and then decreased significantly in different corn starch feeding groups, while the opposite trend was observed in NADH. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, and V of crabs fed with different corn starch diets significantly increased first and then decreased. In addition, relative expressions of genes related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, insulin signaling pathway, and energy metabolism were significantly affected by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal glucose metabolic responses were regulated by different corn starch levels at different time points and play an important role in clearing glucose through increased activity of insulin, glycolysis, and glycogenesis, along with gluconeogenesis suppression.

Project description:Background: The potential confounding effect of different amounts and proportions of macronutrients across eating patterns on meal or dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) value determinations has remained partially unaddressed.Objective: The study aimed to determine the effects of different amounts of macronutrients and fiber on measured meal GI and GL values.Design: Four studies were conducted during which participants [n = 20-22; women: 50%; age: 50-80 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 25-30)] received food challenges containing different amounts of the variable nutrient in a random order. Added to the standard 50 g available carbohydrate from white bread was 12.5, 25, or 50 g carbohydrate; 12.5, 25, or 50 g protein; and 5.6, 11.1, or 22.2 g fat from rice cereal, tuna, and unsalted butter, respectively, and 4.8 or 9.6 g fiber from oat cereal. Arterialized venous blood was sampled for 2 h, and measured meal GI and GL and insulin index (II) values were calculated by using the incremental area under the curve (AUCi) method.Results: Adding carbohydrate to the standard white-bread challenge increased glucose AUCi (P < 0.0001), measured meal GI (P = 0.0066), and mean GL (P < 0.0001). Adding protein (50 g only) decreased glucose AUCi (P = 0.0026), measured meal GI (P = 0.0139), and meal GL (P = 0.0140). Adding fat or fiber had no significant effect on these variables. Adding carbohydrate (50 g), protein (50 g), and fat (11.1 g) increased the insulin AUCi or II; fiber had no effect.Conclusions: These data indicate that uncertainty in the determination of meal GI and GL values is introduced when carbohydrate-containing foods are consumed concurrently with protein (equal amount of carbohydrate challenge) but not with carbohydrate-, fat-, or fiber-containing foods. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether this uncertainty also influences the prediction of average dietary GI and GL values for eating patterns. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01023646.

Dataset Information

The Role of Soluble Corn Fiber on Glycemic and Insulin Response.

Publications

The Role of Soluble Corn Fiber on Glycemic and Insulin Response.

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