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Antibacterial activity and subchronic toxicity of Cassia fistula L. barks in rats.

ABSTRACT: Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of more potent antibiotics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cassia fistula L. barks as an alternative agent for resistant pathogenic bacteria. The C. fistula barks were extracted with ethanol, followed by partition of the extract to give n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions. An in vitro antibacterial assay was conducted to evaluate inhibitory activity of the extract and fractions against Salmonella typhosa and Shigella dysenteriae. An in vivo antibacterial activity was examined using S. typhosa-infected mouse models, in which the colony number of S. typhosa were counted from the infected rats' feces. Assesment on safety of the extract was conducted by a subchronic toxicity test which mainly examined alteration occured in biochemical parameters and hystopatological conditions of livers and kidneys. The results showed that the ethanol extract inhibited the growth of both S. typhosa and S. dysenteriae with the MIC of 0.3125% w/v, and the ethyl acetate fraction with the MIC of 0.625% b/v. In the in vivo antibacterial assay, the extract at three doses decreased the colony number of S. typhosa significantly, and after the fourth to sixth days, the precentage of decrease reached more than 90% by 1000?mg/kg dose. The subchronic toxicity test revealed that after the extract exposured for 90?days, a dose of 1000?mg/kg induced liver and kidney damages histologically, however, it returned to normal condition after 30?days of recovery. The results of this study indicated that the extract of C. fistula L. barks had potent in vivo antibacterial activity against S. typhosa as sample of resistant bacteria, and is safe to be used as a herbal medicine, preferably at a dose lower than 1000?mg/kg.

SUBMITTER: Chaerunisaa AY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7240208 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antibacterial activity and subchronic toxicity of Cassia fistula L. barks in rats.

Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana AY Susilawati Yasmiwar Y Muhaimin Muhaimin M Milanda Tiana T Hendriani Rini R Subarnas Anas A

Toxicology reports 20200508

Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of more potent antibiotics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cassia fistula L. barks as an alternative agent for resistant pathogenic bacteria. The C. fistula barks were extracted with ethanol, followed by partition of the extract to give n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions. An in vitro antibacterial assay was conducted to evaluate inhibitory activity o ...[more]

PMID: 32461915

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Project description:Background:Combretum micranthum (CM) (Combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, inﬂammation, malaria and liver ailments. In our recent research we demonstrated that CM has nephroprotective potentials in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic study concerning its toxicity proﬁle has been reported. Aim of the study:The study carried out to evaluates the potential toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of the CM, through the method of acute and sub-chronic oral administration in rats. Materials and methods:During the acute toxicity study, male and female rats were orally administrated with CM extract at single doses of 5000 mg/kg (n = 5/group/sex). Abnormal behaviour, toxic symptoms, weight, and death were observed for 14 consecutive days to assess the acute toxicity. For sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg (n = 5/group/sex) daily to Wistar rats for 28 days. The general behaviour and body weight of the rats was observed daily. A biochemical, haematological, macroscopical and histopathological examinations of several organs were conducted at the end of the treatment period. The CM extract was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric examination in order to detect the presence or absence of cyanide toxic compounds. Results:The absence of absorbance peaks between the 2220-2260 cm-1 region of FT-IR spectrum of CM, indicating the absence of cyanide groups. This suggested that the CM extract may not contain toxic substances. During the acute toxicity test, no mortality or adverse effects were noted at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, the CM extract induced no mortality or treatment-related adverse effects with regard to body weight, general behaviour, relative organ weights, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological alterations. Conclusion:The present study revealed that oral administration of CM extract for 28 days, at dosage up to 1000 mg/kg did not induce toxicological damage in rats. From acute toxicity study, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg.

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Antibacterial activity and subchronic toxicity of Cassia fistula L. barks in rats.

Publications

Antibacterial activity and subchronic toxicity of <i>Cassia fistula</i> L. barks in rats.

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