Analysis of variants in Chinese individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma using molecular inversion probe (MIP)-based panel sequencing.
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SUBMITTER: Liu T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7245608 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Analysis of variants in Chinese individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma using molecular inversion probe (MIP)-based panel sequencing.
Liu Ting T Tang Chao C Shi Xiaolong X
Molecular vision 20200521
<h4>Purpose</h4>Family-based genetic linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genomic loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Several causative genes of POAG have been intensively analyzed by sequencing in different populations. However, few investigations have been conducted on the identification of variants of coding region in the genes identified in GWASs. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate whether they harbor pathoge ...[more]
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Project description:ImportancePrimary open-angle glaucoma presents with increased prevalence and a higher degree of clinical severity in populations of African ancestry compared with European or Asian ancestry. Despite this, individuals of African ancestry remain understudied in genomic research for blinding disorders.ObjectivesTo perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of African ancestry populations and evaluate potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma.Design, settings, and participantsA 2-stage GWAS with a discovery data set of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma and 2121 control individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma. The validation stage included an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals using multicenter clinic- and population-based participant recruitment approaches. Study participants were recruited from Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, the United States, Tanzania, Britain, Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Morocco, Peru, and Mali from 2003 to 2018. Individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma had open iridocorneal angles and displayed glaucomatous optic neuropathy with visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure was not included in the case definition. Control individuals had no elevated intraocular pressure and no signs of glaucoma.ExposuresGenetic variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma.Main outcomes and measuresPresence of primary open-angle glaucoma. Genome-wide significance was defined as P < 5 × 10-8 in the discovery stage and in the meta-analysis of combined discovery and validation data.ResultsA total of 2320 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 64.6 [56-74] years; 1055 [45.5%] women) and 2121 individuals without primary open-angle glaucoma (mean [interquartile range] age, 63.4 [55-71] years; 1025 [48.3%] women) were included in the discovery GWAS. The GWAS discovery meta-analysis demonstrated association of variants at amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2 (APBB2; chromosome 4, rs59892895T>C) with primary open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.46]; P = 2 × 10-8). The association was validated in an analysis of an additional 6937 affected individuals and 14 917 unaffected individuals (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.21]; P < .001). Each copy of the rs59892895*C risk allele was associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma when all data were included in a meta-analysis (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14-1.25]; P = 4 × 10-13). The rs59892895*C risk allele was present at appreciable frequency only in African ancestry populations. In contrast, the rs59892895*C risk allele had a frequency of less than 0.1% in individuals of European or Asian ancestry.Conclusions and relevanceIn this genome-wide association study, variants at the APBB2 locus demonstrated differential association with primary open-angle glaucoma by ancestry. If validated in additional populations this finding may have implications for risk assessment and therapeutic strategies.
| S-EPMC6865235 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glaucoma is a common cause of visual disability and affects ?1.6% of individuals over 40 years of age ( 1). Non-synonymous coding sequence variations in the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing gene 10 (ASB10) were recently associated with 6.0% of cases of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients from Oregon and Germany. We tested a cohort of POAG patients (n= 158) and normal control subjects (n= 82), both from Iowa, for ASB10 mutations. Our study had 80% power to detect a 4.9% mutation frequency in POAG patients. A total of 11 non-synonymous coding sequence mutations were detected in the cohort, but no association with POAG was detected when analyzed individually or as a group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a survey of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI's) Exome Sequencing Project revealed that non-synonymous ASB10 mutations are present in the general population at a far higher frequency than the prevalence of POAG. These data suggest that non-synonymous mutations in ASB10 do not cause Mendelian forms of POAG.
| S-EPMC3459468 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The molecular events responsible for obstruction of aqueous humor outflow and the loss of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, remain poorly understood. We identified a synonymous variant, c.765C>T (Thr255Thr), in ankyrin repeats and suppressor of cytokine signaling box-containing protein 10 (ASB10) in a large family with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) mapping to the GLC1F locus. This variant affects an exon splice enhancer site and alters mRNA splicing in lymphoblasts of affected family members. Systematic sequence analysis in two POAG patient groups (195 US and 977 German) and their respective controls (85 and 376) lead to the identification of 26 amino acid changes in 70 patients (70 of 1172; 6.0%) compared with 9 in 13 controls (13 of 461; 2.8%; P = 0.008). Molecular modeling suggests that these missense variants change ASB10 net charge or destabilize ankyrin repeats. ASB10 mRNA and protein were found to be strongly expressed in trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and ciliary body. Silencing of ASB10 transcripts in perfused anterior segment organ culture reduced outflow facility by ?50% compared with control-infected anterior segments (P = 0.02). In conclusion, genetic and molecular analyses provide evidence for ASB10 as a glaucoma-causing gene.
| S-EPMC3284122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies with a complex genetic basis. To date, only the following four genes have been identified: viz. myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36), and neurotrophin 4 (NTF4). However, there are conflicting reports regarding the involvement of WDR36 in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In the Asian population, mutations in WDR36 appear to play a minor role in POAG pathogenesis but polymorphic variants have been found to be associated with POAG, especially in patients with high tension glaucoma (HTG). The purpose of this study is to determine the role of WDR36 in East Indian POAG patients. To date, no other studies have yet examined this role. METHODS: Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1971050, rs1993465, rs13153937, rs10038177, rs11241095, rs10043631, rs10038058, rs10491424, rs17553936, and rs13186912) spanning almost the entire WDR36 gene were selected and their association with eastern Indian POAG patients was evaluated. Our study pool consisted of 323 POAG patients. Of these 116 were patients who had HTG with intraocular perssure (IOP) >21mmHg and 207 were found to be non-HTG patients (presenting IOP<21mmHg). The study also included 303 participants as controls. The polymorphisms were genotyped in both the patients and the controls using the PCR-RFLP method. Moreover, the SNP that showed significant association was validated by DNA sequencing. The haplotypes were obtained using Haploview 4.1 software. The allele and haplotype frequencies were compared between the patient group and the control group using Pearson's ?(2) test. RESULTS: First, we genotyped the selected SNPs in the 323 POAG patients and 119 of the participants in the control group, in which only rs10038177 (c.710+30C>T) was found to be strongly associated with the HTG cases (OR=2.186; 95% CI=1.458-3.277; p=1.4×10(-4)). To increase the significance of the study, the SNP was genotyped in an additional 184 of the participants in the control group and it was observed that the SNP retained the association (OR=1.216; 95% CI=1.064-2.306; p=0.002). However, no haplotype was found to have any sustainable association with POAG. Based on the LD pattern and location of rs10038177, exon 5 of WDR36 was sequenced but no suspected disease-causing variant was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a possible association between WDR36 SNP in a cohort of eastern Indian POAG patients who also have high intraocular pressure (IOP). This study needs to be further validated in a larger patient cohort.
| S-EPMC3198481 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coding variants in the optineurin gene (OPTN, GLC1E) have been reported to play a role in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in various populations. This study investigated the role of OPTN sequence variants in patients with POAG in Ghana (West Africa).This is a case-control study of unrelated Ghanaian POAG cases and non-glaucomatous controls. Ascertainment criteria for POAG included the presence of glaucomatous optic nerve neuropathy, associated visual field loss, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, all in the absence of secondary causes of glaucoma. Controls had normal optic nerves, visual fields, and IOP. All the coding exons of OPTN were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and sequenced in all 140 cases and 130 controls using an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer.All the coding exons of OPTN were sequenced in 140 POAG patients and 130 controls. Several coding variants were identified including M98K, A134A, V147L, P292P, A301G, S321S, and E322K. Three coding variants (V147L, P292P, and A301G) have not been reported previously. There were no significant differences on the frequencies of all the identified variants between POAG cases and controls in this population.This is the first comprehensive study of OPTN in a single West African population. Our results suggest that coding variants in OPTN may not contribute to the risk for POAG in persons of West African descent.
| S-EPMC2605106 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:We examined the role of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) of known glaucoma genes in relation to primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS:Our study included DNA samples from two studies (NEIGHBOR and GLAUGEN). All the samples were genotyped with the Illumina Human660W_Quad_v1 BeadChip. After removing non-blood-derived and amplified DNA samples, we applied quality control steps based on the mean Log R Ratio and the mean B allele frequency. Subsequently, data from 3057 DNA samples (1599 cases and 1458 controls) were analyzed with PennCNV software. We defined CNVs as those ?5 kilobases (kb) in size and interrogated by ?5 consecutive probes. We further limited our investigation to CNVs in known POAG-related genes, including CDKN2B-AS1, TMCO1, SIX1/SIX6, CAV1/CAV2, the LRP12-ZFPM2 region, GAS7, ATOH7, FNDC3B, CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, SRBD1, TBK1, and GALC. RESULTS:Genomic duplications of CDKN2B-AS1 and TMCO1 were each found in a single case. Two cases carried duplications in the GAS7 region. Genomic deletions of SIX6 and ATOH7 were each identified in one case. One case carried a TBK1 deletion and another case carried a TBK1 duplication. No controls had duplications or deletions in these six genes. A single control had a duplication in the MYOC region. Deletions of GALC were observed in five cases and two controls. CONCLUSIONS:The CNV analysis of a large set of cases and controls revealed the presence of rare CNVs in known POAG susceptibility genes. Our data suggest that these rare CNVs may contribute to POAG pathogenesis and merit functional evaluation.
| S-EPMC4271633 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A substantial fraction of glaucoma has a genetic basis. About 5% of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is currently attributed to single-gene or Mendelian forms of glaucoma (ie glaucoma caused by mutations in myocilin or optineurin). Mutations in these genes have a high likelihood of leading to glaucoma and are rarely seen in normal subjects. Other cases of POAG have a more complex genetic basis and are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risk factors, each of which do not act alone to cause glaucoma. These factors are more frequently detected in patients with POAG, but are also commonly observed in normal subjects. Additional genes that may be important in glaucoma pathogenesis have been investigated using quantitative traits approaches. Such studies have begun to identify genes that control the magnitude of important quantitative features of glaucoma that may also be important risk factors for POAG, such as central corneal thickness. Each of these different approaches to study glaucoma genetics is providing new insights into the pathogenesis of POAG.
| S-EPMC3171270 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of WD repeat domain 36 (WDR36) sequence variants in Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five unrelated POAG patients (82 high tension glaucoma [HTG], 42 normal tension glaucoma [NTG], and 11 juvenile-onset POAG [JOAG] patients) and 77 unrelated controls were recruited. All 23 coding exons and splicing junctions of WDR36 were sequenced using BigDye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype associations were analyzed using PLINK (version 1.04). RESULTS: Nineteen sequence alterations were identified, and eight of them were novel including two novel nonsynonymous SNPs (L240V and I713V). Except the common I264V polymorphism, no other previously reported disease-causing or disease-susceptibility mutations were found. The novel I713V mutation was observed in three (3.7%) patients with HTG. One intronic SNP, IVS5+30C>T (rs10038177), showed significantly higher frequency of minor allele T in HTG patients (16.5%) than in controls (1.3%; Odds ratio [OR]=15.0, p=7.9 x 10(-7), Bonferroni corrected p=1.5 x 10(-5)). Haplotype GTA, which is composed of rs13153937, rs10038177, and rs11241095, was significantly associated with HTG (OR=22.5, p=0.002, Bonferroni corrected p=0.013). Neither the individual SNPs nor haplotypes of WDR36 were associated with NTG or JOAG (Bonferroni corrected p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study suggest WDR36 to be associated with sporadic HTG but not with NTG or JOAG. Our results also suggest a different mutation pattern of WDR36 in the Chinese population from other ethnic populations.
| S-EPMC2664842 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The total RNA from control and POAG optic nerve lamina cribrosa region was isolated and subjected to analysis on U133A 2.0 affymetrix microarray chip. The results from these two analysis was compared to determine whether PAD II RNA level is altered. Purpose of the study. This study was done to determine which RNA transcripts undergo significant changes in the optic nerve between normal and cadaver primary open-angle glaucoma donors. Using donor tissues from NDRI we have performed proteomic analyses (which will be published shortly), we intend a comparison between the proteomic and RNA changes for select proteins in our study. Sample Collection and Preparation of Labeled Copy RNA; The total RNA from optic nerve was obtained using TRIZOL (Invitrogen Inc., Carlsbad, CA) with modification of recommended protocols. The optic nerve from donor eyes were carefully excised and minced into small pieces first using a scissor and then a scalpel. Prior to use tissue was washed with DEPC water and all solutions were prepared in DEPC water. The minced tissue was placed in a glass homogenizer with 1 ml TRIZOL per 100 mg of tissue and homogenized in a glass homogenizer DUALL 20 (Kimble Kontes Glass Co, Vineland, NJ) with 10 strokes cycles each at room temperature and after freezing with liquid nitrogen for 1 min for 40 cycles. This RNA was extracted with chloroform, isoamylalcohol and precipitated with sodium citrate/sodium chloride and isopropanol. The final air-dried RNA precipitate was suspended in DEPC water and stored in â??80oC prior to use. RNA was prepared for hybridization according to the GeneChip Expression Analysis Technical Manual (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The hybridization was performed at Gene Expression Array Core Facility at Case Western Reserve University (www.geacf.net). The RNA sample was cleaned using a column from a Qiagen RNeasy kit, (part # 74104 ) in accordance with the manufacturerâ??s instructions. The volume of DEPC water used to elute the RNA from the Qiagen column was dictated by the nominal mass of the loaded RNA sample. Samples were eluted in 100ml of water, precipitated with 0.5 volume of 7.5M Ammonium Acetate and 2.5 volumes of 100% ethanol at -20oC for 1 hr and centrifuged for 10 min at room temperature. The pellet was drained and washed twice in 500µl of 70% ethanol. Supernatant was aspirated. The pellet was dried briefly (less than 1 min) in a speeedvac (Savant) and re-suspended in a small volume (~ 12â??15ml) of DEPC water. A small aliquot (2ml) of the sample was used for quantitation. Cleaned RNA samples were annotated as â??clnRNAâ?? and stored at -20oC. cDNA Synthesis; The protocol recommended by Affymetrix Inc. for cDNA synthesis was used at all times. The reaction was primed by annealing an oligo-dT primer coupled to a T7 RNA polymerase promoter to the RNA sample. Whenever possible, 8 mg of clnRNA were reverse transcribed using Superscript II reverse transcriptase in a 20ml reaction at 42oC for 1 hr. Second strand synthesis was carried out immediately in a total reaction volume of 150ml in the presence of E. coli DNA polymerase I, RNAse H and DNA ligase. The reaction mixture incubated for 2 hrs at 16oC and for a further 5 min in the presence of T4 DNA pol.. The reaction was terminated by the addition of EDTA. The sample was cleaned with a Qiagen cDNA clean-up column according to the manufacturers directions. The elution buffer volume was 14ml. The eluted samples were stored overnight at -20oC. In-Vitro Transcription (IVT) reaction; In a 0.5ml microfuge tube, complementary RNA (cRNA) was generated in an IVT reaction using a BioArray High Yield ENZO kit (Affymetrix). The 40ml reaction contained 10ml of cDNA sample and was incubated at 37oC in the heating block for 4-5hrs. Samples were mixed by flicking, pulse-centrifuged and returned to the incubator once every 40 minutes. Upon completion of the reaction, IVT samples were adjusted to a volume of 100ml with DEPC-treated water and cleaned using Qiagen RNA clean-up columns. Samples were eluted in 45ml of DEPC-treated water. A 2ml-aliquot was used for quantitation. Corrected concentrations of cRNA (minus the input clnRNA) were determined. A standard fragmentation reaction volume was 40ml in a 0.5 ml microfuge tube and used 20mg of overall IVT RNA in 1X fragmentation buffer (40mM Tris acetate, pH 8.1, 100mM KOAc, 30mM MgOAc). The reaction was incubated at 94oC for 35min in a heat block. After the 35 min incubation the fragmented samples were placed on ice. The standard hybridization cocktail volume was 300ml. 150ml of 2X hybridization buffer was added (final concentrations : 100mM MES, 1M [Na+], 20mM EDTA, 0.01% Tween 20) Herring sperm and acetylated BSA were added to a final concentration of 0.1 and 0.5mg/ml respectively. The amount of fragmentation reaction containing 15mg of cRNA was added to the cocktail and the remaining volume was made up with molecular biology grade water. A 15ml aliquot of a 20X mixture of in-vitro transcripts of bacterial genes BioB BioC BioD and cre as external controls (spikes) were added to the cocktail to give final concentrations of 1.5, 5, 25 and 100pM respectively. Control oligonucleotide (5ml) was added to a final concentration of 50pM. Array Hybridization; Sample Hyridization cocktails (300ml) were removed from storage at â??20oC and thawed in a 45oC temperature block. The samples were incubated at 45oC for 5 min, incubated at 45oC for 5 min and then centrifuged at 15,000g for 5 min. This study used commercially available Affymetrix HG U133A 2.0 arrays only. These are in situ synthesized, high density oligonucleotide arrays which can interrogate 22,777 gene entities. The part number is 900444 more detailed information may be found at www.affymetrix.com website. Meanwhile, the affymetrix chip arrays were taken from their storage at 4oC and allowed to come to room temperature. The chamber was filled with 1X hybridization buffer (final concentrations : 100mM MES, 1M [Na+], 20mM EDTA, 0.01% Tween 20). The chip was then preconditioned by incubation in the hybridization oven at 45oC for 10 min. The chip was removed and the chamber drained. Sample cocktails (200ml) were then introduced into the chamber of the chips. The ports were sealed with tough-spots stickers and placed in the hybridization oven and incubated at 45oC with rotation overnight. Next day (16hr later), the incubation was terminated and the chips removed from the oven. Samples were retrieved from the chips and stored again in a freezer at -20oC. The chips were filled with buffer A and placed in a module of Fluidics 400 wash station. The chips were subjected to the Affymetrix â??EuKws4 ver 2â?? programmed series of stringent post hybridization washes, staining and post-staining washes in accordance with Affy protocols. Upon completion of the wash series (approximately 2 hrs), the chips were removed from the Fluidics station. The chips were inspected. Chips were scanned using an Agilent Gene Array scanner 3000 driven by Affymetrix GCOS software. Generation of Expression Values; Microarray Suite, version 5 (Affymetrix), was used to generate *.cel files, and a computer program (Probe Profiler, ver. 1.3.11; Corimbia Inc., Berkeley, CA) developed specifically for the GeneChip system (Affymetrix) was used to convert intensity data into quantitative estimates of gene expression for each probe set. The software identifies informative probe pairs, and down-weights the signal contribution of probe pairs that are subject to differential cross-hybridization effects or that consistently produce no signal. The software also detects and corrects for saturation artifacts, outliers, and chip defects. A probability statistic was generated for each probe set. The probability is associated with the null hypothesis that the expression level of the probe set is equal to zero (background). Genes not significantly expressed above background in any of the samples (P > 0.05) were
2008-06-12 | E-GEOD-2387 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BACKGROUND:Recently nonsynonymous coding variants in the ankyrin repeats and suppressor of cytokine signaling box-containing protein 10 (ASB10) gene were found to be associated with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in cohorts from Oregon and Germany, but this finding was not confirmed in an independent cohort from Iowa. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of ASB10 gene variants in Pakistani glaucoma patients. METHODS:Sanger sequencing of the coding exons and splice junctions of the ASB10 gene was performed in 30 probands of multiplex POAG families, 208 sporadic POAG patients and 151 healthy controls from Pakistan. Genotypic associations of individual variants with POAG were analyzed with the Fisher's exact or Chi-square test. RESULTS:In total 24 variants were identified in POAG probands and sporadic patients, including 11 novel variants and 13 known variants. 13 of the variants were nonsynonymous, 6 were synonymous, and 5 were intronic. Three nonsynonymous variants (p.Arg49Cys, p.Arg237Gly, p.Arg453Cys) identified in the probands were not segregating in the respective families. This is not surprising since glaucoma is a multifactorial disease, and multiple factors are likely to be involved in the disease manifestation in these families. However a nonsynonymous variant, p.Arg453Cys (rs3800791), was found in 6 sporadic POAG patients but not in controls, suggesting that it infers increased risk for the disease. In addition, one synonymous variant was found to be associated with sporadic POAG: p.Ala290Ala and the association of the variant with POAG remained significant after correction for multiple testing (uncorrected p-value 0.002, corrected p-value 0.047). The cumulative burden of rare, nonsynonymous variants was significantly higher in sporadic POAG patients compared to control individuals (p-value 0.000006). CONCLUSIONS:Variants in ASB10 were found to be significantly associated with sporadic POAG in the Pakistani population. This supports previous findings that sequence variants in the ASB10 gene may act as a risk factor for glaucoma.
| S-EPMC4695091 | biostudies-literature