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Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Its Uses in Osteoarthritis.

ABSTRACT: Human bone marrow (BM) is a kind of source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as growth factors and cytokines that may aid anti-inflammation and regeneration for various tissues, including cartilage and bone. However, since MSCs in BM usually occupy only a small fraction (0.001%) of nucleated cells, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for cartilage pathologies, such as cartilage degeneration, defect, and osteoarthritis, have gained considerable recognition in the last few years due to its potential benefits including disease modifying and regenerative capacity. Although further research with well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of BMAC, this may have the most noteworthy effect in patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this article is to review the general characteristics of BMAC, including its constituent, action mechanisms, and related issues. Moreover, this article aims to summarize the clinical outcomes of BMAC reported to date.

SUBMITTER: Kim GB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7247342 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Its Uses in Osteoarthritis.

Kim Gi Beom GB Seo Min-Soo MS Park Wook Tae WT Lee Gun Woo GW

International journal of molecular sciences 20200502 9

Human bone marrow (BM) is a kind of source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as growth factors and cytokines that may aid anti-inflammation and regeneration for various tissues, including cartilage and bone. However, since MSCs in BM usually occupy only a small fraction (0.001%) of nucleated cells, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for cartilage pathologies, such as cartilage degeneration, defect, and osteoarthritis, have gained considerable recognition in the last few years due to ...[more]

PMID: 32370163

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Project description:Background: There is a need to identify and quantify mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in human bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) source tissues, but current methods to do so were established in cultured cell populations. Given that surface marker and gene expression change in cultured cells, it is doubtful that these strategies are valid to quantify MSCs in fresh BMAC. Purpose: To establish the presence, quantity, and heterogeneity of BMAC-derived MSCs in minimally manipulated BMAC using currently available strategies. Study Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study. Methods: Five published strategies to identify MSCs were compared for suitability and efficiency to quantify clinical-grade BMAC-MSCs and cultured MSCs at the single cell transcriptome level on BMAC samples being used clinically from fifteen orthopedic patients and on one cultured MSC sample. Strategies included: 1) the guidelines by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), 2) CD271 expression, 3) the Ghazanfari et al. transcriptional profile, 4) the Jia et al. transcriptional profile, and 5) the Silva et al. transcriptional profile. Results: ISCT guidelines did not identify any MSCs in BMAC at the transcriptional level and only 1 in 9 million cells at the protein level. 9 of 12850 BMAC cells expressed the CD271 gene. Only 116 of 396 Ghazanfari genes were detected in BMAC, whereas no cells expressed all of them. No cells express all Jia genes, but 25 cells express at least 13 of 22. No cells express all Silva genes, but 19 cells express at least 8 of 23. Most importantly, the liberalized strategies tended to identify different cells and most of them clustered with immune cells. Conclusion: Currently available methods need to be liberalized to identify any MSCs in fresh human BMAC and lack consensus at the single cell transcriptome and protein expression levels. These different cells should be isolated and challenged to establish phenotypic differences. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrated that improved strategies to quantify MSC concentrations in BMAC for clinical applications are urgently needed. Until then, injected minimally manipulated MSC doses should be reported as rough estimates or as unknown.

Dataset Information

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Its Uses in Osteoarthritis.

Publications

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Its Uses in Osteoarthritis.

Similar Datasets

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