Dataset Information

Results from a 2018 cross-sectional survey in Tokyo, Osaka and Sendai to assess tobacco and nicotine product usage after the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Japan.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:For novel tobacco products that potentially reduce the risk of tobacco harm, post-market surveillance is important to observe population usage and behaviours associated with everyday use. This pilot study was performed to examine the use of tobacco products in three Japanese urban regions. METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey administered in Sendai, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, from May 19th to June 25th, 2018. Participants were selected with a three-stage probability random sampling process that first identified primary sampling units, then households and finally individuals. Eligible participants were aged at least 20 years who were willing to participate after information about the study was provided. People younger than 20 years and those living in institutions were excluded. Questionnaires were paper based and administered door to door. RESULTS:Responses were obtained from 4154 participants. Sixty-five percent self-reported being never, 19% current and 16% former users of any tobacco product at the time of the survey. Combustible tobacco products (almost all being cigarette) were used most (16%) followed by HTPs (5%). In the categories of combustible tobacco users and HTP users, 70% and 16%, respectively, used these products exclusively. Dual use was reported by 11% of respondents. Compared with 12 months before the survey, 12% of sole combustible tobacco products users were using HTPs exclusively or as dual users and 6% had quit tobacco products completely; 94% of sole HTP users remained sole users and 4% had quit tobacco products completely; and amongst dual users 12% had reverted to exclusive use of combustible tobacco products, 14% had switched to sole use of HTPs and 4% had quit tobacco products completely. CONCLUSION:HTPs seem to be accepted as an alternative tobacco product amongst combustible tobacco users. Given complex findings for dual use, improved understanding of the motivations underlying this behaviour would be of interest.

SUBMITTER: Adamson J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7249648 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Results from a 2018 cross-sectional survey in Tokyo, Osaka and Sendai to assess tobacco and nicotine product usage after the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Japan.

Adamson Jason J Kanitscheider Claudia C Prasad Krishna K Camacho Oscar M OM Beyerlein Elisabeth E Bhagavan Yoga Keralapura YK Proctor Christopher C Murphy James J

Harm reduction journal 20200526 1

<h4>Background</h4>For novel tobacco products that potentially reduce the risk of tobacco harm, post-market surveillance is important to observe population usage and behaviours associated with everyday use. This pilot study was performed to examine the use of tobacco products in three Japanese urban regions.<h4>Methods</h4>This study was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey administered in Sendai, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, from May 19th to June 25th, 2018. Participants were selected with a thr ...[more]

PMID: 32450856

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Project description:IntroductionIQOS is an emerging heated tobacco product marketed by Philip Morris International (PMI). Because the tobacco in IQOS is electrically heated and not combusted, PMI claims that it generates significantly lower toxicant levels than combustible cigarettes. To date, a few independent studies have addressed IQOS toxicant emissions, and none have reported reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the form of the nicotine emitted by the device.MethodsIn this study, IQOS aerosol was generated using a custom-made puffing machine. Two puffing regimens were used: Health Canada Intense and ISO. ROS, carbonyl compounds (CCs), and total nicotine and its partitioning between free-base and protonated forms were quantified in the IQOS aerosol by fluorescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography, respectively. The same toxicants were also quantified in combustible cigarette aerosols for comparison. In addition, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin were also measured in the IQOS tobacco and aerosol.ResultsIQOS and combustible cigarettes were found to emit similar quantities of total and free-base nicotine. IQOS total ROS (6.26 ± 2.72 nmol H2O2/session) and CC emissions (472 ± 19 µg/session) were significant, but 85% and 77% lower than levels emitted by combustible cigarettes.ConclusionsIQOS emits harmful constituents that are linked to cancer, pulmonary disease, and addiction in cigarette smokers. For a given nicotine intake, inhalation exposure to ROS and CCs from IQOS is likely to be significantly less than that for combustible cigarettes.ImplicationsIQOS is PMI's new heated tobacco product. PMI claims that because IQOS heats and does not burn tobacco it generates low toxicant yields. We found that one IQOS stick can emit similar free-base and total nicotine yields as a combustible cigarette. A pack-a-day equivalent user of IQOS may experience significant inhalation exposure of ROS and CCs compared to background air. However, substituting IQOS for combustible cigarettes will likely result in far lower ROS and carbonyl inhalation exposure for a given daily nicotine intake.

Project description:BackgroundIn recent years, heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are widely used in Japan, have been sold by various brands using additives such as flavors. It has been reported that the components of mainstream smoke are different from those of conventional cigarettes. In this study, we established an analytical method for furans and pyridines in the mainstream smoke, which are characteristic of HTPs and particularly harmful among the generated components, and investigated the amount of component to which the smokers are exposed.MethodsWe established a simple analytical method for simultaneous analysis of gaseous and particulate compounds in the mainstream smoke of HTPs (IQOS, glo, ploom S) in Japan by combining a sorbent cartridge and glass fiber filter (Cambridge filter pad (CFP)). Both the sorbent cartridge and CFP were extracted using 2-propanol and analyzed via GC-MS/MS to determine the concentration of furans and pyridines generated from each HTP.ResultsThe results showed that the levels of target furans such as furfural, 2-furanmethanol, 2(5H)-furanone, and 5-methylfurfural tended to be higher in the mainstream smoke of glo than in standard cigarettes (3R4F). Pyridine, which is generated at a high level in 3R4F as a combustion component, and 4-ethenylpyridine (EP), which is a known marker of environmental tobacco smoke, were detected. Among these components, 2-furanmethanol and pyridine are classified as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, it is possible that they will contribute to the health effects caused by use of HTPs.ConclusionsUsing the new collection and analytical method for furans and pyridines in the mainstream smoke of HTPs, the level of each compound to which smokers are exposed could be clarified. By comprehensively combining information on the amount of ingredients and toxicity, it will be possible to perform a more detailed calculation of the health risks of using HTPs. In addition, the components detected in this study may be the causative substances of indoor pollution through exhaled smoke and sidestream smoke; therefore, environmental research on the chemicals generated from HTPs would be warranted in future studies.

Dataset Information

Results from a 2018 cross-sectional survey in Tokyo, Osaka and Sendai to assess tobacco and nicotine product usage after the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Japan.

Publications

Results from a 2018 cross-sectional survey in Tokyo, Osaka and Sendai to assess tobacco and nicotine product usage after the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Japan.

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