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A Heated tobacco product ‘IQOS’ exposure enhances apoptosis and emphysema in mice lungs

ABSTRACT: To assess the mechanism which caused emphysema in the IQOS group, we performed microarray analysis using homogenate lung tissue that were exposed to fresh air, IQOS aerosol, or cigarette smoke for 6 months. In microarray-based analysis, gene expressions to the air group were different in the IQOS and CS group, and apoptosis-related pathways were enhanced in the IQOS group. Apoptosis-related protein (cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP1) expression in the IQOS group were higher than air group in homogenete lungs. More single-stranded DNA and TUNEL positive alveolar cells were found in the IQOS group than control significantly.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE161869 | GEO | 2022/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to increase predisposition to oral cancer and is also recognized as a risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis, and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount of nicotine, is a promising new paradigm in harm reduction. In this study, we compared effects of exposure to aerosol derived from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, with those of CS generated from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Human organotypic oral epithelial tissue cultures (EpiOral, MatTek Corporation) were exposed for 28 min to 3R4F CS or THS2.2 aerosol, both diluted with air to comparable nicotine concentrations (0.32 or 0.51 mg nicotine/L aerosol/CS for 3R4F and 0.31 or 0.46 mg/L for THS2.2). We also tested one higher concentration (1.09 mg/L) of THS2.2. A systems toxicology approach was employed combining cellular assays (i.e., cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 activity assays), comprehensive molecular investigations of the buccal epithelial transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) by means of computational network biology, measurements of secreted proinflammatory markers, and histopathological analysis. We observed that the impact of 3R4F CS was greater than THS2.2 aerosol in terms of cytotoxicity, morphological tissue alterations, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the exposed oral cultures revealed significant perturbations in various network models such as apoptosis, necroptosis, senescence, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) signaling. The stress responses following THS2.2 aerosol exposure were markedly decreased, and the exposed cultures recovered more completely compared with those exposed to 3R4F CS.

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A Heated tobacco product ‘IQOS’ exposure enhances apoptosis and emphysema in mice lungs

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